# US 5,349,933 A · Fuel metering control system in internal combustion engine

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- Number: US 5,349,933 A
- Document ID: US5349933A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/137,344
- Filed: 1993-10-18
- Granted: 1994-09-27
- Earliest claimed: 1992-10-19
- Assignees: Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
- Inventors: Yusuke Hasegawa; Shusuke Akazaki; Isao Komoriya; Hidetaka Maki; Toshiaki Hirota
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5349933A

## CPC

- F02D 41/182: {for the control of a fuel injection device}
- F02D 41/045: {Detection of accelerating or decelerating state (detection thereof in general G01P)}
- F02D 41/1401: {characterised by the control or regulation method (F02D41/1473, F02D41/1477 take precedence)}
- F02D 2041/1431: {the system including an input-output delay}
- F02D 2041/1433: {using a model or simulation of the system}
- F02D 2200/0402: the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)

## Abstract

A system for controlling fuel metering in an internal combustion engine using a fluid dynamic model and the cylinder air flow past the throttle is determined therefrom. Based on the observation that the difference between a steady-state engine operating condition and a transient engine operating condition can be described as the difference in the effective throttle opening areas, the amount of fuel injection is determined from the product of the ratio between the areas and a basic fuel injection amount under the steady-state engine operating condition obtained by mapped data retrieval and by subtracting a correction amount corresponding to an air flow filling a chamber between the throttle and the cylinder from the product. Under steady-state engine operation, the correction amount becomes zero. In an embodiment, the first-order lag of a detected throttle opening is calculated and based on the value, various parameters including a pseudo manifold pressure are obtained so as to solve sensors' detection timing lag or a pressure sensor's detection lag.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for controlling fuel metering in an internal combustion engine on the basis of the air flowing to a cylinder of the engine determined on a fluid dynamic model describing the behavior of the air passing through a throttle provided in an air intake system of the engine, comprising;
first means for detecting operating parameters of the engine at least including engine speed, manifold pressure and throttle opening;
second means for determining a fuel injection amount (Ti) corresponding to the throttle-past air flow (Gth) under a steady-state engine operating condition at least from the engine speed and manifold pressure in accordance with a first predetermined characteristic, treating the difference between the steady-state engine operating condition and a transient engine operating condition as a difference in effective throttle opening areas;
third means for determining an effective throttle opening area (A1) under the steady-state engine operating condition in accordance with a second characteristic;
fourth means for determining a current effective throttle opening area (A2) on the basis of the throttle opening and manifold pressure to determine a ratio (A2/A1) between the effective throttle opening areas (A1, A2);
fifth means for multiplying the determined basic fuel injection amount (Ti) by the ratio (A2/A1) to determine an output injection amount (Tout); and
sixth means for driving an injector to open for a period corresponding to the determined output fuel injection amount.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A system according to claim 1, wherein said current effective throttle opening area (A2) is determined by obtaining a throttle's projection area and by multiplying it by a coefficient determined from the throttle opening and manifold pressure.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A system according to claim 1, wherein said second characteristic for determining the effective throttle opening area A1 is predetermined in advance with respect to engine speed and manifold pressure.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A system according to claim 3, wherein said current effective throttle opening area (A2) is determined by obtaining a throttle's projection area and by multiplying it by a coefficient determined from the throttle opening and manifold pressure.

### Claim 5

A system for controlling fuel metering in an internal combustion engine on the basis of the air flowing to a cylinder of the engine determined on a fluid dynamic model describing the behavior of the air passing through a throttle provided in an air intake system of the engine, comprising;
first means for detecting operating parameters of the engine at least including engine speed, manifold pressure and throttle opening;
second means for determining a basic fuel injection amount (Ti) corresponding to the throttle-past air flow (Gth) under a steady-state engine operating condition and an effective throttle opening area (A1) under the steady-state engine operating condition from the engine speed and manifold pressure in accordance with predetermined first and second characteristics, treating the difference between the steady-state engine operating condition and a transient engine operating condition as a difference in the effective throttle opening areas;
third means for determining a current effective throttle opening area (A2) on the basis of the throttle opening and manifold pressure;
fourth means for obtaining the change of the manifold pressure to determine an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from downstream of the throttle to a portion immediately before the cylinder of the engine at least from the change of the manifold pressure on the basis of the ideal gas law, and then by dividing the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb) by a desired air/fuel ratio (A/F) to determine a correction amount delta Ti (=delta Gb/(A/F)) corresponding to the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb);
fifth means for obtaining a ratio (A2/A1) between the effective throttle opening areas (A1, A2) and for multiplying the determined basic fuel injection amount (Ti) by the ratio (A2/A1) and by subtracting from the product the correction amount (delta Ti) to determine an output fuel injection amount (Tout); and
sixth means for driving a injector to open for a period corresponding to the determined output fuel injection amount (Tout).

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A system according to claim 5, wherein said current effective throttle opening area (A2) is determined by obtaining a throttle's projection area and by multiplying it by a coefficient determined from the throttle opening and manifold pressure.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

A system according to claim 5, wherein said correction amount (delta Ti) is determined in accordance with a characteristic predetermined in advance with respect to the change of the manifold pressure and the desired air/fuel ratio.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A system according to claim 7, wherein said current effective throttle opening area (A2) is determined by obtaining a throttle's projection area and by multiplying it by a coefficient determined from the throttle opening and manifold pressure.

### Claim 9

A system for controlling fuel metering in an internal combustion engine on the basis of the air flowing to a cylinder of the engine determined on a fluid dynamic model describing the behavior of the air passing through a throttle provided in an air intake system of the engine, comprising;
first means for detecting operating parameters of the engine at least including engine speed, manifold pressure and throttle opening;
second means for determining a fuel injection amount (Timap) under a steady-state engine operating condition at least from the engine speed and manifold pressure in accordance with a predetermined first characteristic;
third means for determining a first effective throttle opening area (A) at least from a value obtained from the throttle opening;
fourth means for obtaining a second effective throttle opening area (ADELAY) in accordance with a predetermined second characteristic;
fifth means for obtaining a ratio (A/ADELAY) between the first and second effective throttle opening areas (A, ADELAY) and for multiplying the determined fuel injection amount (Timap) by the ratio (A/ADELAY) to determine an output fuel injection amount (Tout) from the product as
Tout=Timap.times.(A/ADELAY); and
sixth means for driving an injector to open for a period corresponding to the output fuel injection amount (Tout).

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

A system according to claim 9, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A system according to claim 10, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic .

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

A system according to claim 9, wherein said third means determines a throttle's projection area at least from the throttle opening in accordance with a predetermined sixth characteristic, and by multiplying the throttle's projection area by a coefficient determines the effective throttle opening area (A).

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A system according to claim 12, wherein said third means determines a pseudo manifold pressure in accordance with a predetermined seventh characteristic and obtains the coefficient (C) at least from the throttle opening and pseudo manifold pressure in accordance with a predetermined eighth characteristic.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

A system according to claim 13, wherein said third means obtains a value (.theta.TH-D) obtained at least from the first-order lag of the throttle opening to determine the pseudo manifold pressure at least from the value (.theta.TH-D) and the engine speed in accordance with the predetermined seventh characteristic.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

A system according to claim 9, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

A system according to claim 15, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) corresponding to an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

A system according to claim 15, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amounts (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A system according to claim 17, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 19 (depends on 9)

A system according to claim 9, wherein said fifth means determines an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law, then determines a correction amount (delta Ti) corresponding to the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb), and by subtracting the correction amount (delta Ti) from the product to determine the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A/ADELAY)-delta Ti.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

A system according to claim 19, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

A system according to claim 20, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

A system according to claim 19, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

A system according to claim 22, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 24 (depends on 19)

A system according to claim 19, wherein said fifth means determines a pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) in accordance with a predetermined third characteristic, and by obtaining the change of the pseudo manifold pressure (delta Pb with hat), determines the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb) on the basis of the ideal gas law to determine the correction amount (delta Ti).

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

A system according to claim 24, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

A system according to claim 25, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

A system according to claim 24, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

A system according to claim 27, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 29 (depends on 24)

A system according to claim 24, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (.theta.TH-D) obtained at least from the first-order lag of the throttle opening to determine the pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) at least from the value (.theta.TH-D) and the engine speed in accordance with the predetermined third characteristic.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

A system according to claim 29, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

A system according to claim 30, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic.

### Claim 32 (depends on 9)

A system according to claim 9, wherein said fourth means obtains the second effective throttle opening area (ADELAY) at least from the first-order lag of the first effective throttle opening area (A) in accordance with the predetermined second characteristic.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

A system according to claim 32, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

A system according to claim 33, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) corresponding to an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law.

### Claim 35 (depends on 32)

A system according to claim 32, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

A system according to claim 35, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 37 (depends on 32)

A system according to claim 32, wherein said fifth means determines an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law, then determines a correction amount (delta Ti) corresponding to the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb), and by subtracting the correction amount (delta Ti) from the product to determine the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A/ADELAY)-delta Ti.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

A system according to claim 37, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 39 (depends on 38)

A system according to claim 38, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) at least from the first-order lag of the correction amount (delta Ti) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic.

### Claim 40 (depends on 37)

A system according to claim 37, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

A system according to claim 40, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 42 (depends on 37)

A system according to claim 37, wherein said fifth means determines a pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) in accordance with a predetermined third characteristic, and by obtaining the change of the pseudo manifold pressure (delta Pb with hat), determines the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb) on the basis of the ideal gas law to determine the correction amount (delta Ti).

### Claim 43 (depends on 42)

A system according to claim 42, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (.theta.TH-D) obtained at least from the first-order lag of the throttle opening to determine the pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) at least from the value (.theta.TH-D) and the engine speed in accordance with the predetermined third characteristic.

### Claim 44 (depends on 42)

A system according to claim 42, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 45 (depends on 44)

A system according to claim 44, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 46 (depends on 32)

A system according to claim 32, wherein said fourth means obtains the second effective throttle opening area (ADELAY) at least from a value (.theta.TH-D) obtained at least from the first-order lag of the throttle opening in accordance with the predetermined second characteristic.

### Claim 47 (depends on 46)

A system according to claim 46, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 48 (depends on 47)

A system according to claim 47, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic at least from the first-order lag of the correction amounts (delta Ti) corresponding to an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law.

### Claim 49 (depends on 46)

A system according to claim 46, wherein said fifth means determines a value (ABYPASS) corresponding to an air flow not passing through the throttle and defined in terms of the effective throttle opening area and by adding the value (ABYPASS) to the numerator of the ratio (A/ADELAY) and a value (ABYPASS-D) obtained in accordance with a predetermined fifth characteristic to the denominator thereof, determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A+ABYPASS)/(ADELAY+ABYPASS-D).

### Claim 50 (depends on 49)

A system according to claim 49, wherein said fifth means determines the value (ABYPASS-D) at least from the first-order lag of the value (ABYPASS) in accordance with the predetermined fifth characteristic.

### Claim 51 (depends on 46)

A system according to claim 46, wherein said fifth means determines an air flow (delta Gb) filling a chamber defined from the downstream of the throttle to a portion just before the cylinder of the engine on the basis of the ideal gas law, then determines a correction amount (delta Ti) corresponding to the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb), and by subtracting the correction amount (delta Ti) from the product to determine the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap.times.(A/ADELAY)-delta Ti.

### Claim 52 (depends on 51)

A system according to claim 51, wherein said fifth means determines a pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) in accordance with a predetermined third characteristic, and by obtaining the change of the pseudo manifold pressure (delta Pb with hat), determines the chamber filling air flow (delta Gb) on the basis of the ideal gas law to determine the correction amount (delta Ti).

### Claim 53 (depends on 52)

A system according to claim 52, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (.theta.TH-D) obtained at least from the first-order lag of the throttle opening to determine the pseudo manifold pressure (Pb with hat) at least from the value (.theta.TH-D) and the engine speed in accordance with the predetermined third characteristic.

### Claim 54 (depends on 51)

A system according to claim 51, wherein said fifth means obtains a value (delta Ti-D) in accordance with a predetermined fourth characteristic and determines the output fuel injection amount (Tout) as
Tout=Timap (A/ADELAY)-delta Ti-D.

### Claim 55 (depends on 54)

A system according to claim 54, wherein said fifth means obtains the value (delta Ti-D) at least from the first-order lag of the correctLion amount (delta Ti) in accordance with the predetermined fourth characteristic.