# US 5,349,547 A · Bidimensional FIR filter

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 5,349,547 A
- Document ID: US5349547A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/111,624
- Filed: 1993-08-25
- Granted: 1994-09-20
- Earliest claimed: 1991-08-09
- Assignees: SGS-Thomson Microelectronics S.A.
- Inventors: Michel Harrand
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5349547A

## CPC

- H04N 19/80: Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation (H04N19/635, H04N19/86 take precedence)
- H03H 17/0202: {Two or more dimensional filters; Filters for complex signals (multidimensional convolutions G06F17/153)}
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H03H: IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (waveguides, resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide type H01P)

## Abstract

A bidimensional Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter of rank 2p+1 for processing data associates a "vertical" filter and a "horizontal" filter. Each filter comprises 2p+1 cells and circuitry for vertically scanning the data according to stripes having a height of p data; circuitry for simultaneously providing on a first line a datum of a stripe, on a second line a datum of the former stride shifted by p data, and on a third line, a datum of the still former stripe again shifted by p data; and circuitry for, at each clock time, connecting each cell input to one of the three lines.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A bidimensional filter for filtering an input stream of electrical signals that represents a bidimensional matrix having a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, the input stream of electrical signals being supplied in a row-ordered sequence, the bidimensional filter comprising:
conversion means for converting the sequence of the input stream of electrical signals and generating a converted stream of electrical signals that represents the bidimensional matrix in a column-ordered sequence;
first filtering means, coupled to the conversion means, for filtering the converted stream of electrical signals and generating a first filtered stream of electrical signals that is substantially vertically filtered; and
second filtering means, coupled to the first filtering means, for further filtering the first filtered stream of electrical signals and generating a bidimensionally filtered stream of electrical signals representing the bidimensional matrix.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The filter of claim 1, wherein the bidimensional filter has a rank, and the conversion means further comprises scanning means for generating the converted stream of electrical signals to have a column-ordered sequence that represents a plurality of stripes, such stripe having a height determined by the rank of the bidimensional filter.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The bidimensional filter of claim 2, wherein the conversion means further comprises a first delay means, coupled between the scanning means and the first filtering means, for delaying the converted stream of electrical signals for a first predetermined time period to generate a once-delayed stream of electrical signals, and for transmitting the once-delayed stream of electrical signals to the first filtering means.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The bidimensional filter of claim 3, wherein the conversion means further comprises a second delay means, coupled between the first delay means and the first filtering means, for delaying the once-delayed stream of electrical signals for a second predetermined time period to generate a twice-delayed stream of electrical signals, and for transmitting the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals to the first filtering means.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The bidimensional filter of claim 4, wherein the rank of the filter is 2p+1 and the first filtering means further comprises:
2p+1 sequentially-connected cells, each cell accepting an input, the 2p+1 sequentially-connected cells having a first cell, a middle cell and a last cell;
the first cell receiving an input from the converted stream of electrical signals;
the middle cell receiving an input from the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
the last cell receiving an input from the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The bidimensional filter of claim 5, further comprising:
first multiplexer means, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals; and
sequencer means for controlling the first multiplexer means to alternately select between the once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The bidimensional filter of claim 6, further comprising:
second multiplexer means, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals; and wherein
said sequencer means further includes means for controlling the second multiplexer means to alternately select between the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The bidimensional filter of claim 5, further comprising:
multiplexer means, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals; and
sequencer means for controlling the multiplexer means to alternately select between the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The bidimensional filter of claim 8, wherein:
the first cell is always coupled to the scan converter means to receive the converted stream of electrical signals;
the middle cell is always coupled to the first delay means to receive the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
the last cell is always connected to the second delay means to receive the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
wherein the sequencer means controls the multiplexer means to couple the conversion means, and the first and second delay means to the 2p+1 cells so that;
an L cell means, wherein 1<L<p+1, is coupled to the first delay means for L-1 clock periods and to the scan converter means for p-L+1 clock periods; and
an m cell means, wherein p+1<m<2p+1, is coupled to the second delay means for m-p-1 clock periods and to the first delay means for 2p+1-m clock periods.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The bidimensional filter of claim 9, wherein the second filtering means further comprises 2p+1 sequentially-connected cell means, each for filtering received signals.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The bidimensional filter of claim 10, wherein the second filtering means includes transposing means for converting the converted stream of column-ordered data into row-ordered data, the transposing means comprising a third delay means, coupled to each cell means in the second filtering means, for delaying an electrical signal received at an input of the third delay means by p+1 electrical signals.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The filter of claim 11, wherein each of the cells in the first and second filtering means further comprises:
a multiplier means for multiplying a coefficient signal and an input signal to provide a first output signal;
an adder means, having a first input coupled to the multiplier means and a second input coupled to a previous cell means, for adding the output signal of the multiplier means to a signal supplied by the previous cell means to provide a second output signal; and
a sampling register means, coupled to the adder means, for storing the second output signal in response to a clock signal.

### Claim 13

A bidimensional filter for filtering an input stream of electrical signals that represents a bidimensional matrix having a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, the input stream of electrical signals being supplied in a row-ordered sequence, the bidimensional filter comprising:
a scan converter that converts the sequence of the input stream of electrical signals and generates a converted stream of electrical signals that represents the bidimensional matrix in a column-ordered sequence;
a first filter, coupled to the scan converter, that filters the converted stream of electrical signals and generates a first filtered stream of electrical signals that is substantially vertically filtered; and
a second filter, coupled to the first filter, that further filters the first filtered stream of electrical signals and generates a bidimensionally filtered stream of electrical signals representing the bidimensional matrix.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The filter of claim 13, wherein the bidimensional filter has a rank, and the scan converter generates the converted stream of electrical signals to have a column-ordered sequence that represents a plurality of stripes, each stripe having a height determined by the rank of the bidimensional filter.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The bidimensional filter of claim 14, further comprising a first delay circuit that delays the converted stream of electrical signals for a first predetermined time period to generate a once-delayed stream of electrical signals to the first filter.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The bidimensional filter of claim 15, further comprising a second delay circuit that delays the once-delayed stream of electrical signals for a second predetermined time period to generate a twice-delayed stream of electrical signals, and for transmitting the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals to the first filter.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The bidimensional filter of claim 16, wherein the rank of the filter is 2p+1 and the first filter further comprises:
2p+1 sequentially-connected cells, each cell accepting an input, the 2p+1 sequentially-connected cells having a first cell, a middle cell and a last cell;
the first cell receiving an input from the converted stream of electrical signals;
the middle cell receiving an input from the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
the last cell receiving an input from the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The bidimensional filter of claim 17, further comprising:
a first multiplexer, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals; and
a sequencer for controlling the first multiplexer to alternately select between the once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The bidimensional filter of claim 18, further comprising:
a second multiplexer, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals; and wherein
said sequencer controls the second multiplexer to alternately select between the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The bidimensional filter of claim 17, further comprising:
a multiplexer, coupled to at least one of the 2p+1 cells, for alternately selecting and transmitting to the at least one cell a signal from one of the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals; and
a sequencer that controls the multiplexer to alternately select between the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals in a predetermined sequence.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The bidimensional filter of claim 20, wherein:
the first cell is coupled to the scan converter to receive the converted stream of electrical signals;
the middle cell is coupled to the first delay circuit to receive the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
the last cell is coupled to the second delay circuit to receive the once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
wherein the sequencer controls the multiplexer to couple the converted stream, the once-delayed stream, and the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals to the 2p+1 cells so that;
an L cell, wherein 1<L<p+1, is coupled to the once-delayed stream of electrical signals for L-1 clock periods and to the converted stream of electrical signals for p-L+1 clock periods; and
an m cell, wherein p+1<m<2p+1, is coupled to the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals for m-p-1 clock periods and to the once-delayed stream of electrical signals for pp+1-m clock periods.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The bidimensional filter of claim 21, wherein the second filter further comprises 2p+1 sequentially-connected cells, each providing a filtering effect on the received signals.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The bidimensional filter of claim 22, wherein the second filter further comprises a third delay circuit, coupled to at least one cell in the second filter, for delaying an electrical signal received at an input of the at least one cell by p+1 electrical signals.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The filter of claim 23, wherein each of the cells in the first and second filter further comprises:
a multiplier circuit that multiplies a coefficient signal and an input signal to provide a first output signal;
an adder circuit, having a first input coupled to the multiplier and a second input coupled to a previous cell, for adding the output signal of the multiplier to a signal supplied by the previous cell to provide a second output signal; and
a sampling register, coupled to the adder circuit, for storing the second output signal in response to a clock signal and generating a cell output.

### Claim 25

A method for bidimensionally filtering an input serial stream of electrical signals that represents a bidimensional matrix having a plurality of rows and columns, the input serial stream arriving in a row-ordered sequence, the method comprising the steps of:
A. converting the input serial stream of electrical signals to generate a converted serial stream of electrical signals having a column-ordered sequence;
B. filtering the converted stream of electrical signals to generate a substantially vertically filtered stream of electrical signals; and
C. filtering the substantially vertically filtered stream of electrical signals to generate a bidimensionally filtered stream of electrical signals.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method as set forth in claim 25, wherein step A includes a step or organizing the converted stream of electrical signals by column-oriented stripes, wherein each stripe represents a group of p rows of the bidimensional matrix.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method as set forth in claim 26, wherein:
step A includes a step of delaying the converted stream of electrical signals by an amount of time corresponding to a transmission time of one stripe, to generate a once-delayed stream of electrical signals; and
step B includes combining the converted and once-delayed streams of electrical signals.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein:
step A includes a step of delaying the once-delayed second stream of electrical signals by an amount of time corresponding to the transmission time of one stripe, to generate a twice-delayed second stream of electrical signals; and
step B includes combining the converted, once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The method as set forth in claim 28, wherein step B includes performing 2p+1 sequential filtering steps.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The method as set forth in claim 29, wherein the step of combining the converted, once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals includes a step of selecting, for each of the 2p+1 sequential filtering steps, one of the converted, once-delayed and twice-delayed streams of electrical signals.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the step of selecting includes a step of alternating between one and another of the second stream, the once-delayed stream, and the twice-delayed stream of electrical signals.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The method as set forth in claim 31, wherein step C includes performing 2p+1 sequential filtering steps.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The method as set forth in claim 32, wherein step C includes a step of delaying by a predetermined time period between each sequential filtering step, the predetermined time period being related to p+1.