# US 5,349,543 A · Constant force probe

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- Number: US 5,349,543 A
- Document ID: US5349543A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/896,288
- Filed: 1992-06-10
- Granted: 1994-09-20
- Earliest claimed: 1992-06-10
- Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation
- Inventors: Stanley Buliszyn; James A. Landor; Reuben Q. Zielinski
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5349543A

## CPC

- G01R 1/06794: {Devices for sensing when probes are in contact, or in position to contact, with measured object}
- B82Y 15/00: Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES

## Abstract

A constant force probe to test electrical and electronic circuits is disclosed whereby the magnetic repulsion between a magnet supporting the probe tip and an electromagnet contained within a housing is used to deform a load cell which provides an electrical output representative of the force of engagement between the probe and the test specimen. The electronic output signal from the load cell then is used for comparison purposes with preset signals, and the electrical current to the electromagnet within the probe housing is modulated to adjust the force exerted by the probe onto the workpiece by changing the flux density of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A constant force probe for engagement with a workpiece, comprising:
a housing;
a probe tip, having an axis, partially contained within said housing and constrained for limited movement within said housing along the axis of said probe tip;
said probe tip comprising a permanently magnetic portion at least partially contained within said housing;
an electromagnet contained within said housing and constrained for movement within said housing;
a sensing means for sensing force exerted thereon by said electromagnet;
an electrical energy source connected to said electromagnet to energize said electromagnet with an electrical current;
electronic control means for regulating said electrical current to control repulsive forces between said magnetic portion and said electromagnet;
said electronic control means responsive to said sensing means;
whereby said probe tip is forced against said workpiece by magnetic repulsion force between said magnet and said electromagnet and said repulsion force is sensed by said sensing means and controlled responsive to said sensing means by said electronic control means by varying said electrical current to said electromagnet.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The constant force probe of claim 1 further comprising electronic control means which comprises:
a current controller;
a digital processor;
an analog to digital converter and a digital to analog converter each connected to said processor and connected to receive signals from said sensing means and send signals to said electrical current controller respectively for modulating said electrical current.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The probe of claim 2 wherein said current controller comprises a Darlington transistor network.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The probe of claim 2 wherein said processor, said digital to analog converter and said analog to digital converter all share a common bus.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The probe of claim 1 wherein said electromagnet and said magnetic portion are disposed to magnetically oppose the other.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The constant force probe of claim 1 further comprising electronic control means which comprises:
a current controller;
a voltage comparator;
a reference voltage supplied to one input terminal of said comparator;
a voltage from said sensing means supplied to another input terminal of said comparator; and
an output voltage representative of the relative magnitudes of said reference voltage and said voltage from said sensing means, connected to said current controller, whereby variations in said voltage from sensing means will be manifested as a voltage to control said current controller and thereby control said electromagnet.