# US 5,349,514 A · Reduced-resonant-current zero-voltage-switched forward converter using saturable inductor

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- Number: US 5,349,514 A
- Document ID: US5349514A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/963,195
- Filed: 1992-10-19
- Granted: 1994-09-20
- Earliest claimed: 1991-11-01
- Assignees: Origin Electric Company, Limited
- Inventors: Shuichi Ushiki; Ryoji Saito
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5349514A

## CPC

- H02M 3/33538: {of the forward type (H02M3/3353, H02M3/33569 take precedence)}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

A resonant forward converter comprises a saturable inductor connected in series to a primary winding of a transformer and a switching device. The saturable inductor has a predetermined value of inductance in a light current region and a small value of inductance at a predetermined integral voltage due to magnetic saturation.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter, comprising:
a DC power supply;
a transformer having a primary winding connected in series to said DC power supply and a secondary winding magnetically coupled with said primary winding;
a switching device connected in series to said primary winding of said transformer;
a first resonant capacitance connected in parallel to said switching device;
a saturable inductor inserted in series in said primary winding of said transformer and said switching device, said saturable inductor having a predetermined value of inductance in a light current region and a small value of inductance at a predetermined integral voltage due to magnetic saturation, said saturable inductor having a non-saturated inductance which accumulates magnetic energy to discharge said first resonant capacitance up to zero voltage for zero voltage turning-on of said switching device;
a rectifier diode connected in series to said secondary winding of said transformer;
a free wheeling diode interposed between one end of said secondary winding of said transformer and one end of said rectifier diode;
choke input smoothing circuit means, connected in parallel to said free wheeling diode, for smoothing current passing through said secondary winding of said transformer; and
control circuit means for providing a control signal to said switching device to control a conduction thereof.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first resonant capacitance includes an output capacitance of said switching device.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 2, further including a capacitance of a resonant capacitor connected in parallel to said switching device.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said saturable inductor includes a first winding wound on a core with a rectangular hysteresis, and a linear inductor connected in parallel to said first winding.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said saturable inductor includes a first winding wound on a core with a rectangular hysteresis, a second winding magnetically coupled with said first winding, and a linear inductor connected in parallel to said second winding.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said saturable inductor includes a first winding wound on a core with a rectangular hysteresis, a second winding magnetically coupled with said first winding, and a third winding connected in parallel to said second winding and failing to be magnetically coupled with said first winding.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a second resonant capacitance connected in parallel to said rectifier diode for zero voltage turning-off of said rectifier diode.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter as claimed in claim 7, wherein said second resonant capacitance includes a junction capacitance of said rectifier diode.

### Claim 9

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter, comprising:
a DC power supply;
a transformer having a primary winding connected in series to said DC power supply and a secondary winding magnetically coupled with said primary winding;
a switching device connected in series to said primary winding of said transformer;
a resonant capacitance connected in parallel to said switching device;
a saturable inductor connected in series to said primary winding of said transformer and said switching device, said saturable inductor having a predetermined value of inductance in a light current region and a small value of inductance at a predetermined integral voltage due to magnetic saturation, said saturable inductor including a first winding wound on a core with a rectangular hysteresis, a second winding magnetically coupled with said first winding, and a linear inductor connected in parallel to said second winding;
a rectifier diode connected in series to said secondary winding of said transformer;
a free wheeling diode interposed between one end of said secondary winding of said transformer and one end of said rectifier diode.
an output filter connected in parallel to said free wheeling diode; and
a control circuit means for providing a control signal to said switching device to control a conduction thereof.

### Claim 10

A zero-voltage-switched forward converter, comprising:
a DC power supply;
a transformer having a primary winding connected in series to said DC power supply and a secondary winding magnetically coupled with said primary winding;
a switching device connected in series to said primary winding of said transformer;
a resonant capacitance connected in parallel to said switching device;
a saturable inductor connected in series to said primary winding of said transformer and said switching device, said saturable inductor having a predetermined value of inductance in a light current region and a small value of inductance at a predetermined integral voltage due to magnetic saturation, said saturable inductor including a first winding wound on a core with a rectangular hysteresis, a second winding magnetically coupled with said first winding, and a third winding connected in parallel to said second winding and failing to be magnetically coupled with said first winding;
a rectifier diode connected in series to said secondary winding of said transformer;
a free wheeling diode interposed between one end of said secondary winding of said transformer and one end of said rectifier diode;
an output filter connected in parallel to said free wheeling diode; and
a control circuit means for providing a control signal to said switching device to control a conduction thereof.