# US 5,349,355 A · Credential tracking system

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 5,349,355 A
- Document ID: US5349355A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/016,384
- Filed: 1993-01-21
- Granted: 1994-09-20
- Earliest claimed: 1993-01-21
- Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
- Inventors: Socrates A. Longas; Robert A. Leverance
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5349355A

## CPC

- G06K 7/10039: {interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous}
- G01S 13/825: {with exchange of information between interrogator and responder}
- G06K 7/0008: {General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer}
- G06K 17/0022: {arrangements or provisions for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device ("transfer between computer elements G06F13/00 "; data-transmission H04L)}
- G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

A microwave carrier signal emitted from a tracker unit is amplitude moduld periodically at different preset modulation frequencies during spaced intervals between established time slots. The carrier signal is detected by differently coded credential units within a reception zone whereby such signal is demodulated at the different modulating frequencies to produce reply signals at one of several different code frequencies during one of the time slots dependent on the credential unit coding. The reply signals are detected by the tracker unit during narrowed reception windows within the time slots. Such reply signals are decoded within separate frequency channels corresponding to the code frequencies thereof to extract signal data processed to indicate entry, departure and status of the credential units relative to the reception zone.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of operating a system for tracking credential units within a reception zone exposed to interrogating radiation emitted from a tracking location at a predetermined carrier frequency, said interrogating radiation being sequentially modulated at different modulation frequencies during periodic transmit intervals for detection by the credential units in the reception zone causing emissions therefrom of reply signals at different code frequencies during reception periods between said transmit intervals, said modulation frequencies of the detected interrogating radiation and the code frequencies of the emitted reply signals being determined by internal coding of the respective credential units; the improvement comprising the steps of: limiting said emissions of the reply signals at the reception zone to a plurality of time slots within said reception periods; selecting the time slots within which the reply signals are emitted in accordance with said internal coding of the respective credential units and timing reception of said reply signals within the selected time slots at the tracking location to identify the respective credential units being tracked thereat.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The improvement as defined in claim 1, including the further the steps of: dividing said reception of the reply signals at the tracking location into separate channels corresponding to the code frequencies thereof; and simultaneously processing the detected reply signals in the separate channels to extract code identification data with respect to the respective credential units in the reception zone from the modulation frequencies of the interrogating radiation and the code frequencies of the reply signals emitted in response to said detection of the interrogating radiation.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The improvement as defined in claim 2 including the further step of: limiting said detection of the reply signals to narrowed windows within the time slots to accommodate timing mismatch between establishment of the transmit intervals at the tracking location and the time slots at the credential units within the reception zone.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The improvement as defined in claim 3 including the further steps of: detecting termination of the transmit intervals at the tracking location; and programming establishment of the narrowed windows within the time slots relative to said detected termination of the transmit intervals to prevent error accumulation otherwise arising from the timing mismatch between said establishment of the transmit intervals and the time slots.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The improvement as defined in claim 4 including the further step of: monitoring changes in amplitude of the reply signals received at the tracking location; and programming said processing of the received reply signals in accordance with said monitored changes in amplitude thereof to extract status data with respect entry and departure of the credential units to and from the reception zone.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The improvement as defined in claim 2, including the further step of: monitoring changes in amplitude of the reply signals received at the tracking location; and programming said processing of the received reply signals in accordance with said monitored changes in amplitude thereof to extract status data with respect entry and departure of the credential units to and from the reception zone.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The improvement as defined in claim 1 including the further step of: limiting said detection of the reply signals to narrowed windows within the time slots to accommodate timing mismatch between establishment of the transmit intervals at the tracking location and the time slots at the credential units within the reception zone.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The improvement as defined in claim 7 including the further steps of: detecting termination of the transmit intervals at the tracking location; and programming establishment of the narrowed windows within the time slots relative to said detected termination of the transmit intervals to prevent error accumulation otherwise arising from the timing mismatch between said establishment of the transmit intervals and the time slots.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The improvement as defined in claim 1 including the further steps of: processing the reply signals received at the tracking location to extract code identification data with respect to the credential units in the reception zone; monitoring changes in amplitude of said received reply signals; and programming said processing of the received reply signals in accordance with said monitored changes in amplitude thereof to extract status data with respect entry and departure of the credential units to and from the reception zone.

### Claim 10

In a system for tracking credential units within a reception zone exposed to interrogating radiation emitted from a tracking location at a predetermined carrier frequency, said interrogating radiation being sequentially modulated at different modulation frequencies during periodic transmit intervals for detection by the credential units in the reception zone causing emissions therefrom of reply signals at different code frequencies during reception periods between said transmit intervals, the improvement comprising: clock controlled means in each of the credential units for limiting said emissions of the reply signals therefrom at the reception zone to a plurality of time slots between successive transmit intervals, internal coding means in each of the credential units for selecting the time slots to which said emissions of the reply signals are limited and means for timing reception of said reply signals within the selected time slots at the tracking location to identify the respective credential units being tracked thereat.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The improvement as defined in claim 10, including frequency responsive means at the tracking location for dividing said reception of the reply signals within signal frequency channels in accordance with the different code frequencies thereof, and means for simultaneously processing the received reply signals within said frequency signal channels to extract credential code identification data from the respective code frequencies of the reply signals and from the modulation frequencies of the interrogating radiation emitted from the tracking location.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The improvement as defined in claim 11 including timing control means at the tracking location for limiting said reception of the reply signals to narrowed windows within the time slots established by the clock controlled means in the credential units to accommodate timing mismatch.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The improvement as defined in claim 12 including error control means for detecting termination of the transmit intervals at the tracking location and controller means connected to the timing control means and the error control means for programming establishment of said narrowed windows within the time slots relative to the detected termination of the transmit intervals to prevent error accumulation arising from said timing mismatch between the timing control means at the tracking location and the clock controlled means in the credential units.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The improvement as defined in claim 13 wherein said processing means includes means for monitoring changes in amplitude of the received reply signals to extract status data with respect to entry and departure of the credential units to and from the reception zone.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The improvement as defined in claim 10 including timing control means at the tracking location for limiting said reception of the reply signals to narrowed windows within the time slots established by the clock controlled means in the credential units to accommodate timing mismatch.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The improvement as defined in claim 15 including error control means for detecting termination of the transmit intervals at the tracking location and controller means connected to the timing control means and the error control means for programming establishment of said narrowed windows within the time slots relative to the detected termination of the transmit intervals to prevent error accumulation arising from said timing mismatch between the timing control means at the tracking location and the clock controlled means in the credential units.

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The improvement as defined in claim 11 wherein said processing means includes means for monitoring changes in amplitude of the received reply signals to extract status data with respect to entry and departure of the credential units to and from the reception zone.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The system as defined in claim 10, wherein said credential units are identification cards.

### Claim 19

In a method of identifying responders according to internal coding thereof while located within a reception zone exposed to interrogating radiation sequentially modulated during periodic transmit intervals at different frequencies corresponding to said internal coding for detection by the responders causing emissions therefrom of reply signals at different code frequencies; the steps of: limiting said emissions of the reply signals from the responders at the reception zone to a plurality of time slots within reception periods between said periodic transmit intervals; selecting the time slots for the respective responders within which the reply signals are emitted in accordance with the internal coding thereof and receiving the reply signals within the selected time slots at a tracking location from which the interrogating radiation is transmitted to identify and track the respective transponders thereat.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method as defined in claim 19, wherein said responders are credential card units.