# US 5,348,640 A · Chemical conversion method and aqueous chemical conversion solution used therefor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,348,640 A - Document ID: US5348640A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/042,628 - Filed: 1993-04-02 - Granted: 1994-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 1992-04-03 - Assignees: Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Toshiaki Shimakura; Yutaka Ishida; Tomomi Watanabe - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5348640A ## CPC - C23C 22/73: characterised by the process - C23C 22/08: Orthophosphates - C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04) ## Abstract The method for forming a chemical conversion film on a substrate made of aluminum or its alloy which comprises the steps of: (a) etching a surface of the substrate with an aqueous solution of acid or alkali; (b) immersing the etched substrate in an aqueous, phosphate-based chemical conversion solution which is substantially free from fluoride ions; and (c) applying a negative voltage to the substrate during at least a part of the immersion step so that a potential of the substrate reaches a predetermined minimum potential which is lower than a natural electrode potential of the substrate in the aqueous chemical conversion solution. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for forming a chemical conversion coating on a member made of aluminum or its alloy comprising the steps of: (a) etching a surface of said member with an aqueous solution of acid or alkali; (b) immersing the etched member in a phosphate-based chemical conversion treatment solution which is substantially free from fluoride ions; and (c) applying a negative voltage, V.sub.t, to said member during at least a part of said immersion step, so that the potential, E.sub.t, of said member defined by the formula: E.sub.t =E.sub.0t +V.sub.t reaches a minimum potential, E.sub.m, satisfying the following formula: E.sub.0 -1.5V.ltoreq.E.sub.m .ltoreq.E.sub.0 -0.8V, wherein E.sub.0 represents an initial value of said natural electrode potential of said member, and E.sub.0t is said natural electrode potential of said member at a time when a certain period of time, "t", has passed. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said negative voltage is applied to said substrate immediately after immersing said substrate into said aqueous chemical conversion solution. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said negative voltage is applied to said substrate so that said potential of said substrate reaches said predetermined minimum potential, and then the application of said negative voltage is ceased so that said potential of said substrate comes back to said natural electrode potential. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said negative voltage is applied to said substrate so that said potential of said substrate reaches said predetermined minimum potential, and then said negative voltage is gradually reduced to zero. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined minimum potential E.sub.m, is within the range of E.sub.0 -1.3V.ltoreq.E.sub.m .ltoreq.E.sub.0 -1.0V. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined minimum potential E.sub.m, is within the range of E.sub.0 -1.2V.ltoreq.E.sub.m .ltoreq.E.sub.0 -1.1V. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said negative voltage is applied to said substrate all through said immersion step. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said etching of said surface of said substrate is conducted with an acid. ### Claim 9 A chemical conversion coating prepared by a process comprising the steps of: immersing a member made of aluminum or its alloy in a solution of a composition comprising a phosphate as a main component and being substantially free from fluoride ions, and applying a negative voltage, V.sub.t, to said member during at least a part of said immersion step, so that a potential, E.sub.t, of said member defined by the formula: E.sub.t =E.sub.0t +V.sub.t reaches a minimum potential, E.sub.m, satisfying the following formula: E.sub.0 -1.5V.ltoreq.E.sub.m .ltoreq.E.sub.0 -0.8V, wherein E.sub.0 represents an initial value of said natural electrode potential of said member, and E.sub.0t is said natural electrode potential of said member at a time when a certain period of time "t" has passed. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said phosphate-based chemical conversion treatment solution has as a main component at least one phosphate of a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca and Zr. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, wherein said metal is Zn. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The chemical conversion coating according to claim 9, wherein said phosphate is at least one phosphate of a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca and Zr. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The chemical conversion coating according to claim 12, wherein said metal is Zn.