# US 5,348,103 A · Composting machine

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- Number: US 5,348,103 A
- Document ID: US5348103A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/931,956
- Filed: 1992-08-19
- Granted: 1994-09-20
- Earliest claimed: 1992-08-19
- Assignees: LH Resource Management Inc.
- Inventors: Gordon A. J. Chiddicks; Christopher C. Lee
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5348103A

## CPC

- C05F 17/939: {Means for mixing or moving with predetermined or fixed paths, e.g. rails or cables}
- A01B 33/02: with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
- Y02P 20/145: the feedstock being materials of biological origin
- Y02W 30/40: Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
- C05F: ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- A01B: SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL (making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring A01C5/00; mowers convertible to soil working apparatus or capable of soil working A01D42/04; mowers combined with soil working implements A01D43/12; soil working for engineering purposes E01, E02, E21)
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT

## Abstract

A composting machine is used with an elongated reactor with flails mounted in a frame that moves longitudinally from a finishing end to a starting end during a processing pass. The flails move the organic material in the reactor along the reactor toward the finishing end. The flails are radially mounted on a shaft and the shaft rotates during the processing pass causing the flails to rotate as well. During a return pass, the flails can be made to occupy a horizontal plane so that the frame can return to the finishing end without raising the shaft vertically. Further, a skirt can be mounted adjacent to the flails to limit the distance that the material is moved by the flails. The distance of the skirt from a leading edge of the flails can be increased during the processing pass from the finishing end to the starting end. This allows the machine to be much more efficient as the level of the organic material can be maintained nearly constant from the starting end to the finishing end. With previous machines, the flail mechanism is moved vertically upward during the return pass so that the flails will clear the material.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composting machine for use with an alongated reactor in agitating organic material to said aerobic decomposition in a composting process, said reactor having a base and two parallel side walls, said reactor having a starting end and a finishing end, said composting machine comprising a flail mechanism having a plurality of flails radially mounted on a shaft, said shaft being rotatably mounted in a suitable frame and being substantially perpendicular to said side walls, said frame being mounted on said reactor and being movable longitudinally relative thereto, said flails being mounted on said shaft by mounting means so that said flails have a first position and a second position, in said first position the flails being rotatable with said shaft and being spaced circumferentially about said shaft, said flails being mounted to contact part of any material in the reactor as said flails rotate to move the material contacted along said reactor toward said finishing end, and in said second position said flails being rotatably uninhibited for a limited degree of rotation relative to said shaft, with power means to rotate said shaft and to move said frame longitudinally.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frame for the flails moves longitudinally from said finishing end to said starting end during a processing pass with the flails rotating in a direction to move the material contacted toward said finishing end.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 2 wherein the mounting means for the flails are a plurality of sleeves that are slidably mounted along said shaft, each sleeve supporting at least one flail, each sleeve having a spring-mounted pawl thereon, a spring forcing said pawl inward, said shaft containing suitably located slots to receive each pawl, said slots being located so that the flails are spaced around the circumference of said shaft when said pawls extend into said slots, said pawls being removable from said slots so that said sleeves can freely rotate relative to said shaft through a limited degree of rotation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 3 wherein there are two flails mounted on each sleeve, said two flails being 180.degree. apart from one another.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 4 wherein the slots are located so that said flails are substantially equally spaced around a circumference of said shaft when said pawls are located in said slots.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 5 wherein there are means for automatically disengaging said pawls from said slots.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 6 wherein the means for disengaging said pawls from said slots is to rotate said shaft in an opposite direction, a base of each pawl being angled so that when the shaft rotates in one direction, each pawl remains within each slot and when the shaft rotates in an opposite direction, each pawl overrides each slot and disengages from each slot.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 3, 7)

A composting machine as claimed in any one of claims 1, 3 or 7 wherein there is a movable rest that extends along the shaft to limit the degree of rotation of the flails as they rotate freely relative to the shaft so that the flails lie in a horizontal plane in the second position.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 7 wherein there is a skirt extending at least substantially across said reactor adjacent to said flails so that a distance that material can be thrown by said flails in a single pass will generally be limited by said material striking said skirt.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 9 wherein the skirt is supported by the frame so that it can swing freely about its upper edge.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 10 wherein a maximum distance of the skirt from a leading edge of the flails ranges from approximately 50% to approximately 70% greater than a minimum distance during a processing pass.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 10 wherein a location of the skirt is controlled so that the skirt is a minimum distance from a leading edge of said flails when said flails begin the processing pass and a maximum distance from the leading edge when the flails complete the processing pass.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 12 wherein the movement of the skirt is controlled by a linear actuator which is set up so that the skirt is a minimum distance from a leading edge of said flails when the flails begin the processing pass, said distance steadily increasing as said flails move along said reactor and said skirt being at a maximum distance from a leading edge of said flails when the flails complete the processing pass.

### Claim 14

A composting machine for use with an elongated reactor in agitating organic material to aid aerobic decomposition in a composting process, said reactor having a base and two parallel side walls, said reactor having a starting end and a finishing end, said composting machine comprising a flail mechanism having a plurality of flails radially mounted on a shaft, said shaft being rotatably mounted on a suitable frame, said frame being mounted on said reactor and being movable longitudinally thereto, said flails being mounted on said shaft so that they contact part of any organic material in said reactor during a processing pass and are out of contact with any organic material in said reactor in a return pass, a skirt extending at least substantially across said reactor adjacent to said flails so that a distance that material can be moved by said flails in a single pass will generally be limited by said material striking said skirt, said skirt being supported by said frame, said skirt being supported so that it can swing freely about its upper edge, with a power means to rotate said flails, move the frame longitudinally and to adjust the distance of said skirt from said flails.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 14 wherein the distance of the skirt from the leading edge of said flails is adjustable during a processing pass.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 15 wherein a maximum distance of the skirt from a leading edge of the flails ranges from approximately 50% to approximately 70% greater than a minimum distance.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 14 wherein the movement of the skirt is controlled by a linear actuator which is set up so that the skirt is a minimum distance from the leading edge of said flails at the finishing end, said distance changing as the flails move along said reactor and said skirt is a maximum distance from the leading edge of said flails at the starting end.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 17 wherein said flails are mounted on said shaft by mounting means so that said flails have a first position and a second position, in said first position the flails being rotatable with said shaft and being spaced circumferentially about said shaft, the flails being mounted to contact part of any material in the reactor as said flails rotate to move the material contacted along said reactor towards said finishing end, and in a second position said flails lying in the same plane as that of the longitudinal axis of said shaft.

### Claim 19

A composting machine as claimed in claim wherein the frame for the flails moves longitudinally from said finishing end to said starting end during a processing pass with the flails rotating in a direction to move the material towards said finishing end.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 17 wherein the mounting means for the flails are a plurality of sleeves that are slidably mounted along said shaft, each sleeve supporting at least one flail, each sleeve having a spring-mounted pawl, a spring forcing said pawl inward, said shaft containing suitably located slots to receive each pawl, said slots being located so that the flails are spaced around the circumference of said shaft when said pawls extend into said slots, said pawls being removable from said slots so that said sleeves can rotate freely relative to said shaft.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 20 wherein a rest extends across the frame to limit the degree of rotation of the flails as they rotate uninhibited relative to the shaft so that said flails are substantially horizontal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 20 wherein there are two flails mounted on each sleeve, said two flails being 180.degree. apart from one another.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 20 wherein the slots are located so that said flails are substantially equally spaced around a circumference of said shaft when said pawls are located in said slots.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 21 wherein there are means for automatically disengaging said pawls from said slots.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 24 wherein the means for automatically disengaging said pawls from said slots is to rotate said shaft in an opposite direction, a base of each pawl being angled so that when the shaft rotates in one direction, each pawl remains within said slot and when the shaft rotates in an opposite direction, each pawl overrides each slot and disengages from each slot.

### Claim 26 (depends on 24)

A composting machine as claimed in claim 24 wherein the flails lie in a horizontal plane in the second position.

### Claim 27

A method of operating a composting machine for use with an elongated reactor in agitating organic material to aid aerobic decomposition where said reactor having a base and two parallel side walls, the reactor having a starting end and a finishing end said composting machine comprising a flail mechanism having a plurality of flails radially mounted on a shaft, said shaft being rotatably mounted in a suitable frame and being substantially perpendicular to said side walls, said frames being mounted on said reactor and being movable longitudinally relative thereto, with power means to rotate said shaft and to move said frame longitudinally, with means to limit the distance that the material is moved by the flails during a processing pass, said method comprising commencing a processing pass at a finishing end with the means for limiting at a minimum distance from a leading edge of said flails, causing the means for limiting to move steadily away from said leading edge as said flails move along the reactor until said flails reach the starting end where the means for limiting is at a maximum distance from said leading edge of said flails.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

A method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the limiting means is a skirt and the method includes the steps of adjusting a maximum distance of the skirt from the leading edge of said flails in a range of approximately 50% to approximately 70% greater than a minimum distance during a processing pass.