# US 5,347,857 A · Phase detection apparatus and method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,347,857 A - Document ID: US5347857A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/859,530 - Filed: 1992-06-01 - Granted: 1994-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 1992-06-01 - Assignees: Caterpillar Inc. - Inventors: Siamak Mirhakimi; Walter E. Earleson; Eric W. Ohlson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5347857A ## CPC - F02B 77/08: Safety, indicating, or supervising devices (thermal insulation F02B77/11; monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N11/00) - G01L 3/109: {involving measuring phase difference of two signals or pulse trains} - G01M 15/046: {by monitoring revolutions (for detecting misfire G01M15/11)} - F02D 2200/1015: Engines misfires - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W) ## Abstract Machine assemblies often include driving and driven members such an engine associated with a driven load. These members typically include rotatable shafts (16, 18) interconnected by a flexible coupling element (20). System torsionals in such a machine often cause the shafts (16, 18) to be out of phase with one another. When this occurs, excessive energy is transferred to the coupling element (20). The subject apparatus (22) includes a device (24) for detecting and measuring rotational phase differences between driving and driven rotatable shafts (16, 18). The measured phase differences are compared with a reference phase difference level and an error signal is produced in response to the measured phase difference exceeding the reference level. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus (22), comprising: a driving member having a driving rotatable shaft connected therewith; a driven member having a driven rotatable shaft connected therewith; a coupling element interconnecting said driven and driving shafts; means (24) for detecting and measuring rotational phase differences between the driving and driven rotatable shafts (16, 18); means (26) for comparing said measured phase difference with a reference phase difference level; means (28) for producing an error signal in response to said measured phase difference exceeding said reference phase difference level; wherein said means for detecting said measuring phase differences includes a first transducer associated with said driving member shaft, and a second transducer associated with said driven member shaft; wherein said first and second transducers each include a multi-toothed gear and a gear tooth detector adapted to sense the presence and absence of the respective gear teeth; wherein one of said multi-toothed gears includes substantially more teeth than does the other of said multi-toothed gears. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 1, wherein said means (24) for measuring phase differences counts the number of driving member gear teeth passing the respective gear tooth detector (36) during a measured period of time, and calculates the instantaneous phase difference by subtracting the number of driving member teeth counted from a predetermined expected number of gear teeth. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 2, wherein said predetermined expected number of gear teeth is determined by dividing the number of driving member teeth by the number of driven member teeth. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 2, wherein said measured period of time is the actual time elapsed between successive driven member gear teeth passing the respective gear tooth detector (40). ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 2, wherein said measuring means (24) integrates the calculated instantaneous phase difference and responsively determines the amount of dynamic phase difference. ### Claim 6 An apparatus (22) for measuring the dynamic phase difference between the rotatable shafts (16, 18) of a reciprocating engine drivingly connectable by a flexible coupling element (20) to a load, comprising: means (24) for detecting rotational phase differences between the rotatable engine and load shafts (16, 18), including first and second transducers (30, 32) associated respectively with the engine and load shafts (16, 18), each of said transducers (30, 32) including a respective multi-toothed gear (34, 38) and gear tooth detector (36, 40); and means (24) for determining the amount of dynamic phase difference between the rotatable shafts (16, 18), by counting the number of driving member gear teeth passing the respective gear tooth detectors (36) during the interval between two successive ones of said driven member gear teeth passing the respective gear tooth detector (40), calculating the instantaneous phase difference between the rotatable shafts (16, 18) by subtracting the actual number of driving member gear teeth counted from the expected number obtained by dividing the number of driving member gear teeth by the number of driven member gear teeth, and integrating the calculated instantaneous phase difference and responsively determining the amount of dynamic phase difference. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 6, including means (26) for comparing the dynamic phase difference with a reference phase difference level, and means (28) for producing an error signal in response to said dynamic phase difference exceeding said reference phase difference level by a predetermined amount. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 7, wherein the rate at which the means (28) for producing an error signal responds to a difference between the measured and reference phase levels is a function of the magnitude of the difference between the levels. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) An apparatus (22), as set forth in claim 6, wherein one of said multi-toothed gears (34, 38) includes substantially more teeth than the other of said gears (34, 38). ### Claim 10 A method for measuring the dynamic phase difference between the rotatable shafts (16, 18) of an engine drivingly connectable by a coupling element (20) to a load, each of the rotatable shafts (16, 18) including a transducer (30, 32) having respective multi-toothed gears (34, 38) and gear tooth detectors (36, 40), comprising the steps of: detecting rotational phase differences between the rotatable engine and load shafts (16, 18); calculating the instantaneous phase difference between the rotatable shafts (16, 18) by subtracting the number of driving member gear teeth counted from a predetermined expected number of teeth; and integrating the calculated instantaneous phase difference and responsively determining the amount of dynamic phase difference. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) A method, as set forth in claim 10, including the steps of comparing the dynamic phase difference with a reference phase difference level, and producing an error signal in response to said dynamic phase difference exceeding said reference phase difference level by a predetermined amount. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) A method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein said step of detecting includes the step of counting the number of gear teeth passing said driving member gear tooth detector (36) during a measured period of time.