# US 5,347,538 A · Transceiver for bidirectional link, integrated circuit including the transceiver, and application to communication between units of a system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,347,538 A - Document ID: US5347538A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/843,210 - Filed: 1992-02-28 - Granted: 1994-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 1991-03-14 - Assignees: Bull SAS - Inventors: Roland Marbot - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5347538A ## CPC - H04B 1/58: Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa - H03K 5/026: {with a bidirectional operation} - H04L 5/1423: {for simultaneous baseband signals} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Transceiver for transmission over serial bi-directional links having a bi-directional amplifier including an impedance (R) for adaptation to the line and connected to it, a generator (G1) commanded for transmission and supplying the adaptation impedance (R) and the line in parallel, detection device (G2, r) for furnishing a measurement signal (V) representative of either the current circulating in the adaptation impedance (R) when the generator (G1) is active, or the sum of the current in the adaptation impedance (R) and a compensation value when the first generator (G1) is not active. The compensation value is determined so as to make the measurement signal (V) independent of the transmission state of the transceiver. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A transceiver adapted to be connected by a transmission link to a similar second transceiver, said link including at least one transmission line (L, L*), said transceiver including amplification means for producing transmission signals over said link in response to transmission command signals (e, e*) and for producing reception signals (s, s*) in response to transmission signals produced over said link by said second transceiver, wherein said amplification means include, for each transmission line (L, L*), a bi-directional amplifier (1), including: a first adaptation impedance means (R) for adaptation to the transmission line and being connected to said transmission line; a first generator (G1) having an active and an inactive state and commanded in response to said transmission command signals (e, e*) for supplying current to said first impedance means (R) and said transmission line in parallel; and detection means (G2, r) operatively connected to said first adaptation impedance means (R) for furnishing a measurement signal (V), which is representative of either a current circulating in the adaptation impedance means (R) when said first generator (G1) is active, or a sum of the current circulating in the adaptation impedance means (R) and a compensation value when said first generator (G1) is not active, said compensation value being determined so as to meet a compensation condition according to which said measurement signal (V) depends on the transmission signals produced by the other transceiver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The transceiver of claim 1, wherein said detection means include a second impedance means (r), having a first terminal connected at a common point (U) to the adaptation impedance means and the transmission line and a second reception signal terminal (V.sub.T), means connecting said reception signal terminal to a second generator (G2) which is commanded and is of the same polarity as said first generator (G1); said first and said second generators (G1, G2) being commanded in response to said command signals (e, e*) such that the first generator (G1) is active while the second generator (G2) is not, and vice versa; and said measurement signal is the voltage present at said reception signal terminal (VT), said compensation value being the voltage at the terminals of said second impedance means (r), said generators means (G1, G2) and said second impedance means (r) being constructed and arranged to meet said compensation condition. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The transceiver of claim 2, wherein said first generator (G1) includes a variable current source (S1) commanded by first automatic control means (2), such that said compensation condition is met. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The transceiver of claim 1, wherein said transceiver is part of an integrated circuit, and the first impedance means (R) is a variable impedance and is commanded by second automatic control means (3), and further wherein said first impedance means (R) assumes a value equal to that of a calibrated impedance (Rc) external to the integrated circuit and having a value substantially equal to a characteristic impedance of the transmission line. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The transceiver of claim 2, wherein said transceiver is part of an integrated circuit, and the first impedance means (R) is a variable impedance and is commanded by second automatic control means (3), and further wherein said first impedance means (R) assumes a value substantially equal to that of a calibrated impedance (Rc) external to the integrated circuit and having a value substantially equal to a characteristic impedance of the transmission line. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The transceiver of claim 4, wherein on the command of a test signal (INF), said first impedance means (R) is switched to a high-impedance state. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The transceiver of claim 5, wherein on the command of a test signal (INF), said first impedance means (R) is switched to a high-impedance state. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The transceiver of claim 4, wherein said first variable impedance means (R) comprises field-effect transistors (P0-P6), the drain-to-source paths of which are connected in parallel and are made selectively conductive by said second automatic control means (3). ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The transceiver of claim 5, wherein said first variable impedance means (R) comprises field-effect transistors (P0-P6), the drain-to-source paths of which are connected in parallel and are made selectively conductive by said second automatic control means (3). ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, wherein said first variable impedance means (R) comprises field-effect transistors (P0-P6), the drain-to-source paths of which are connected in parallel and are made selectively conductive by said second automatic control means (3). ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The transceiver of claim 7, wherein said first variable impedance means (R) comprises field-effect transistors (P0-P6), the drain-to-source paths of which are connected in parallel and are made selectively conductive by said second automatic control means (3). ### Claim 12 (depends on 3) The transceiver of claim 3 further including a bipolar transistor T3 having a collector, an emitter and a base, wherein the current (I) of said current source (S1) is furnished by the collector of the bipolar transistor (T3), the emitter of which is connected to a second potential (Vss) by way of a resistor (N1), and that said first automatic control means (2) control a base voltage applied to the base of said bipolar transistor (3). ### Claim 13 (depends on 4) The transceiver of claim 4 further including a bipolar transistor T3 having a collector, an emitter and a base, wherein the current (I) of said current source (S1) is furnished by the collector of the bipolar transistor (T3), the emitter of which is connected to a second potential (Vss) by way of a resistor (N1), and that said first automatic control means (2) control a base voltage applied to the base of said bipolar transistor (3). ### Claim 14 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6 further including a bipolar transistor T3 having a collector, an emitter and a base, wherein the current (I) of said current source (S1) is furnished by the collector of the bipolar transistor (T3), the emitter of which is connected to a second potential (Vss) by way of a resistor (N1), and that said first automatic control means (2) control a base voltage applied to the base of said bipolar transistor (3). ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The transceiver of claim 8 further including a bipolar transistor T3 having a collector, an emitter and a base, wherein the current (I) of said current source (S1) is furnished by the collector of the bipolar transistor (T3), the emitter of which is connected to a second potential (Vss) by way of a resistor (N1), and that said first automatic control means (2) control a base voltage applied to the base of said bipolar transistor (3). ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The transceiver of claim 12, wherein said resistor (N1) is constituted by a drain-to-source path of a field effect transistor, having a gate which is polarized by a signal (AUTO) for turning on said amplification means. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The transceiver of claim 13, wherein said resistor (N1) is constituted by the drain-to-source path of a field effect transistor, having a gate which is polarized by a signal (AUTO) for turning on said amplification means. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The transceiver of claim 14, wherein said resistor (N1) is constituted by the drain-to-source path of a field effect transistor, having a gate which is polarized by a signal (AUTO) for turning on said amplification means. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The transceiver of claim 15, wherein said resistor (N1) is constituted by the drain-to-source path of a field effect transistor, having a gate which is polarized by a signal (AUTO) for turning on said amplification means. ### Claim 20 (depends on 2) The transceiver of claim 2, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 21 (depends on 3) The transceiver of claim 3, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 22 (depends on 4) The transceiver of claim 4, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 23 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 24 (depends on 8) The transceiver of claim 8, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 25 (depends on 12) The transceiver of claim 12, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 26 (depends on 16) The transceiver of claim 16, wherein said link includes two transmission lines (L, L*), said amplification means include two signal paths formed by two bi-directional amplifiers respectively associated with said transmission lines; said amplifiers being commanded respectively by two differential transmission signals (e, e*) forming said transmission command signals; and further wherein one of the differential signals (e) commands the first generator (G1) of the first amplifier and the second generator (G2*) of the second amplifier, the other of said differential signals (e*) commands the first generator (G1*) of the second amplifier and the second generator (G2) of the first amplifier; and said reception signals (s, s*) are a function of the differential voltage (V, V*) present between the reception terminals of the two bi-directional amplifiers. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The transceiver of claim 20, wherein said first generators (G1, G1*) are current generators and include a first common current source (S1); each first current generator (G1, G1*) including a first switch (T1, T1*) connecting said first common current source (S1) to said first terminal (U) of the second impedance (r); said first switches (T1, T1*) being commanded respectively by said differential transmission signals (e, e*). ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The transceiver of claim 27, wherein said second generators (G2, G2*) are current generators and include a common current source (S2); each of said second current generators including a second switch (T2, T2*) connecting said second common current source (S2) to said reception terminal (V); the second switch (T2, T2*), which is associated with a transmission line (L, L*), being commanded by the differential transmission signal (e*, e) that commands the first switch (T1, T1*) associated with the other transmission line (L, L*). ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The transceiver of claim 28, wherein said first common current source (S1) is variable and is commanded by the first automatic control means (2), which include an automatic control circuit (9) of the same constitution as said amplification means, dimensioned and polarized so as to simulate a transmission over one signal path and the absence of a transmission over the other signal path; and that said first automatic control means (2) further include a voltage comparator (10), the inputs of which are respectively connected to the reception terminals (V, V*) of the amplifier of said automatic control circuit, and the output of which commands the first current sources (S1) of said automatic control circuit (9) and of said amplifiers (1). ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) The transceiver of claim 21, wherein said first and second switches (T1, T1*; T2, T2*) are bipolar transistors, having emitter-to-collector paths which respectively connect the first and second common current source (S1, S2) to said first terminal (U) of the second impedance (r) and said reception terminal (V, V*) of said amplifier (1), respectively. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The transceiver of claim 30, wherein said first common current source (S1) includes a third bipolar transistor (T3), having an emitter connected to a second potential (Vss) by way of a first resistor (N1), and a collector connected to emitters of the first bipolar transistors (T1, T1*); said third transistor (T3) having a base connected to the output of the comparator (10) of said automatic control means (2). ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The transceiver of claim 31, wherein said second common current source (S2) includes a fourth bipolar transistor (T4), having an emitter connected to the second potential (Vss) by way of a second resistor (N2), and a collector connected to emitters of the second bipolar transistors (T2, T2*); and said fourth transistor having a base electrode (T4) polarized (Vref) in such a way as to set the value of the product RI, where R is the value of the first impedance and I is the value of the current 10 furnished by the second common current source (S2). ### Claim 33 (depends on 3) An integrated circuit, comprising a plurality of transceivers as defined by claim 3, said first automatic control means (2) being common to a plurality of said transceivers. ### Claim 34 (depends on 4) An integrated circuit, comprising a plurality of transceivers as defined by claim 4, said second automatic control means (3) being common to a plurality of said transceivers. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) An information processing system including functional units communicating among one another, wherein some of said units include at least one integrated circuit as defined by claim 33, each transceiver of said integrated circuit being connected via a transmission link to a transceiver of the integrated circuit belonging to another functional unit of the system. ### Claim 36 (depends on 34) An information processing system including functional units communicating among one another, wherein some of said units include at least one integrated circuit as defined by claim 34, each transceiver of said integrated circuit being connected via a transmission link to a transceiver of the integrated circuit belonging to another functional unit of the system. ### Claim 37 (depends on 29) An integrated circuit, comprising a plurality of transceivers as defined by claim 29, said first automatic control means (2) being common to a plurality of said transceivers.