# US 5,347,310 A · Apparatus for compression encoding video signals > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,347,310 A - Document ID: US5347310A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/991,267 - Filed: 1992-12-16 - Granted: 1994-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 1991-12-28 - Assignees: Sony Corporation - Inventors: Takaaki Yamada; Hiroshi Okada; Naofumi Yanagihara - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5347310A ## CPC - H04N 9/8047: {using transform coding} - H04N 5/9264: {using transform coding} - H04N 19/126: Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers - H04N 19/149: by estimating the code amount by means of a model, e.g. mathematical model or statistical model - H04N 19/176: the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock - H04N 19/18: the unit being a set of transform coefficients - H04N 19/186: the unit being a colour or a chrominance component - H04N 19/60: using transform coding - H04N 19/88: involving rearrangement of data among different coding units, e.g. shuffling, interleaving, scrambling or permutation of pixel data or permutation of transform coefficient data among different blocks - H04N 19/124: Quantisation - H04N 19/132: Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking - H04N 19/146: Data rate or code amount at the encoder output - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising block segmenting circuits for segmenting a vertical interval, such as a field or frame, of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements. An orthogonal transformation, such as discrete cosine transformation, of respective blocks is obtained, resulting in a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients of different values, the array being partitioned into respective areas. Each area is quantized with a respective quantizing value that differs for different areas. Preferably, a transform coefficient is quantized by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in an area by a divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer that differs in different areas. The areas of the two-dimensional array of transform coefficients are formed by partitioning the array in a direction substantially perpendicular to the oblique frequency axis of that array. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising: block segmenting means for segmenting a vertical interval of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements; orthogonal transform means for providing an orthogonal transformation of respective blocks, the orthogonal transformation of a block being represented by a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients of differing values; means for partitioning said two-dimensional array of transform coefficients into respective areas; and quantizing means for quantizing said respective areas with respective quantizing values by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in said respective areas by a respective divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer which is not constant for all said respective areas. ### Claim 2 Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising: block segmenting means for segmenting a vertical interval of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements; orthogonal transform means for providing an orthogonal transformation of respective blocks, the orthogonal transformation of a block being represented by a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients of differing values; means for partitioning said two-dimensional array of transform coefficients into respective areas; and quantizing means for quantizing said respective areas with respective quantizing values by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in said respective areas by a respective divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer which is not constant for all said respective areas, said quantizing means including a plurality of shift circuits having inputs connected in common to receive transform coefficient data D, and means for summing shifted data produced by said shift circuits to provide an approximation of the divisor 2. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said shift circuits include a two-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by four (D/4), a three-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by eight (D/8) and a five-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by thirty-two (D/32); and said means for summing said shifted data obtains a value of transform coefficient data D(1+1/4+1/8+1/32). ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said orthogonal transform means comprises means for obtaining discrete cosine transformation of respective blocks of picture elements. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising variable length encoding means coupled to said quantizing means for encoding the quantized transform coefficients in variable length code. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said variable length code is a run-length code. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said variable length code is a Huffman code. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said transform coefficients in said two-dimensional array represent higher frequency components in both horizontal and vertical directions, and further including means for scanning said two-dimensional array in zigzag manner from lower frequency components toward higher frequency components to supply quantized transform coefficients to said variable length encoding means. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said variable length encoding means includes means generating a first data signal representing the number of successively scanned quantized transform coefficients of less than a threshold value and a second data signal representing the value of the next-following transform coefficient which exceeds said threshold value. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said two-dimensional array exhibits an oblique frequency axis, said respective areas into which said two-dimensional array is partitioned are substantially perpendicular to said oblique frequency axis, and said means for scanning said two-dimensional area supplies to said variable length encoding means the quantized transform coefficient in said respective areas from lower to higher frequencies. ### Claim 11 Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising: block segmenting means for segmenting a vertical interval of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements; orthogonal transform means for providing an orthogonal transformation of respective blocks, the orthogonal transformation of a block represented by a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients for different frequency components, said array having an oblique frequency axis; means for partitioning said two-dimensional array of transform coefficients in a direction substantially perpendicular to said oblique frequency axis to form respective areas of coefficients; and quantizing means for quantizing said respective areas with respective quantizing values by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in said respective areas by a respective divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer that is not constant for all said respective areas. ### Claim 12 Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising: block segmenting means for segmenting a vertical interval of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements; orthogonal transform means for providing an orthogonal transformation of respective blocks, the orthogonal transformation of a block represented by a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients for different frequency components, said array having an oblique frequency axis; means for partitioning said two-dimensional array of transform coefficients in a direction substantially perpendicular to said oblique frequency axis to form respective areas of coefficients; and quantizing means for quantizing said respective areas with respective quantizing values by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in said respective areas by a respective divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer that is not constant for all said respective areas, said quantizing means including a plurality of shift circuits having inputs connected in common to receive transform coefficient data D from said respective areas, and means for summing shifted data produced by said shift circuits to provide an approximation of the divisor 2. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said shift circuits include a two-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by four (D/4), a three-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by eight (D/8), and a five-place shift circuit to divide said transform coefficient data D by thirty-two (D/32); and said means for summing said shifted data obtains a value of D(1+1/4+1/8+1/32). ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising variable length encoding means coupled to said quantizing means for encoding the quantized transform coefficients in variable length code. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said quantized transform coefficients are supplied to said variable length encoding means from said respective areas from lower frequency components toward higher frequency components. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said orthogonal transform means comprises discrete cosine transformation means. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said variable length encoding means comprises means for encoding in run length code. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the run length code is a Huffman code.