# US 5,347,309 A · Image coding method and apparatus

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- Number: US 5,347,309 A
- Document ID: US5347309A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/871,697
- Filed: 1992-04-21
- Granted: 1994-09-13
- Earliest claimed: 1991-04-25
- Assignees: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Toshiya Takahashi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5347309A

## CPC

- H04N 19/527: Global motion vector estimation
- H04N 19/105: Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
- H04N 19/112: according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
- H04N 19/137: Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
- H04N 19/51: Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N 19/61: in combination with predictive coding
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

An inter-field motion vector of an interlaced scanned inputted image is detected, and, using the detected inter-field motion vector, movements between fields are compensated to constitute a frame. The frame is then subjected to block coding. Alternatively, an interlaced scanned input image is subjected to two-dimensional block division and further an activity of each two-dimensional block is calculated. Using the activity as an index, the two-dimensional block is divided into either field small blocks constituted by field data or frame small blocks constituted by frame data, and the divided small blocks are coded. By these steps, even an image having large motion does not invite degradation of image quality, and high efficiency image coding can be realized.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An image coding method comprising the steps of:
inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames;
dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
dividing each of said two-dimensional blocks into field small blocks each containing only data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing data of both of said two fields;
calculating an activity of each of said two-dimensional blocks;
selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks by using said activity as an index to obtain selected small blocks; and
coding said selected small blocks,
wherein said step of calculating an activity of each of said two-dimensional blocks comprises the sub-steps of:
calculating a total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and a total Ac energy of said frame small blocks (Er); and
calculating, as said activity, an energy difference (Ei-Er) between said total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and said total Ac energy of said frame small blocks (Er), and
wherein said step of selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks comprises the sub-steps of:
comparing said energy difference (Ei-Er) with a predetermined constant value (.alpha.); and
selecting said field small blocks when said energy difference is smaller than said predetermined constant value and selecting said frame small blocks otherwise.

### Claim 2

An image coding method comprising the steps of:
inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames;
dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
producing a prediction block with respect to each of said two-dimensional blocks;
calculating a difference between said prediction block and a corresponding one of said two-dimensional blocks to obtain a prediction error two-dimensional block indicative of said difference;
dividing said prediction error two-dimensional block into field small blocks each containing only prediction error data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing prediction error data of both of said two fields;
calculating an activity of said prediction error two-dimensional block;
selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks by using said activity as an index to obtain selected small blocks; and
coding said selected small blocks.

### Claim 3

An image coding method comprising the steps of:
inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames;
dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
producing a prediction block with respect to each of said two-dimensional blocks;
calculating a difference between said prediction block and a corresponding one of said two-dimensional blocks to obtain a prediction error two-dimensional block indicative of said difference;
dividing said prediction error two-dimensional block into field small blocks each containing only prediction error data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing prediction error data of both said two fields;
calculating an activity of said prediction error two-dimensional block;
selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks by using said activity as an index to obtain selected small blocks; and
coding said selected small blocks,
wherein said step of calculating an activity of said prediction error two-dimensional block comprises the sub-steps of:
calculating a total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and a total Ac energy of said frame small blocks (Er); and
calculating, as said activity, an energy difference (Ei-Er) between said total Ac energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and said total AC energy of said frame small blocks (Er), and
wherein said step of selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks comprises the sub-steps of:
comparing said energy difference (Ei-Er) with a predetermined constant value (.alpha.); and
selecting said field small blocks when said energy difference is smaller than said predetermined constant value and selecting said frame small blocks otherwise.

### Claim 4

An image coding apparatus comprising:
a two-dimensional block forming circuit for inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames and for dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
a small block forming circuit for dividing each of said two-dimensional blocks into field small blocks each containing only data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing data of both of said two fields, said small block forming circuit including:
activity calculating means for calculating an activity of each of said two-dimensional blocks by calculating a total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and a total AC energy of said frame small blocks (Er) and calculating, as said activity, an energy difference (Ei-Er) between said total Ac energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and said total AC energy of said frame small blocks (Er); and
selecting means for comparing said energy difference (Ei-Er) with a predetermined constant value (.alpha.) and for selecting said field small blocks when said energy difference is smaller than said predetermined constant value and selecting said frame small blocks otherwise, to obtain corresponding selected small blocks; and
a block coding circuit for coding said selected small blocks.

### Claim 5

An image coding apparatus comprising:
a two-dimensional block forming circuit for inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames and for dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
a prediction circuit for producing a prediction block with respect to each of said two-dimensional blocks;
a subtracting circuit for calculating a difference between said prediction block and a corresponding one of said two-dimensional blocks to obtain a prediction error two-dimensional block indicative of said difference;
a small block forming circuit for dividing said prediction error two-dimensional block into field small blocks each containing only prediction error data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing prediction error data of both of said two fields, said small block forming circuit including activity calculating means for calculating an activity of said prediction error two-dimensional block, and selecting means for selecting either said field small blocks or said frame small blocks by using said activity as an index to obtain selected small blocks; and
a block coding circuit for coding said selected small blocks.

### Claim 6

An image coding apparatus comprising:
a two-dimensional block forming circuit for inputting interlaced scanned image data of a plurality of frames and for dividing said image data in each frame into two-dimensional blocks;
a prediction circuit for producing a prediction block with respect to each of said two-dimensional blocks;
a subtracting circuit for calculating a difference between said prediction block and a corresponding one of said two-dimensional blocks to obtain a prediction error two-dimensional block indicative of said difference;
a small block forming circuit for dividing said prediction error two-dimensional block into field small blocks each containing only prediction error data of one of two fields of said each frame and frame small blocks each containing prediction error data of both of said two fields, said small block forming circuit including:
activity calculating means for calculating an activity of each of said two-dimensional blocks by calculating a total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and a total AC energy of said frame small blocks (Er) and calculating, as said activity, an energy difference (Ei-Er) between said total AC energy of said field small blocks (Ei) and said total AC energy of said frame small blocks (Er); and
selecting means for comparing said energy difference (Ei-Er) with a predetermined constant value (.alpha.) and for selecting said field small blocks when said energy difference is smaller than said predetermined constant value and selecting said frame small blocks otherwise, to obtain corresponding selected small blocks; and
a block coding circuit for coding said selected small blocks.