# US 5,346,791 A · Electroconductive magnetic carrier, developer using the same and image formation method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,346,791 A - Document ID: US5346791A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/982,841 - Filed: 1992-11-30 - Granted: 1994-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 1991-11-29 - Assignees: KYOCERA Corporation - Inventors: Yoshio Ozawa; Yukio Ikeda; Katsuhiro Yoshioka - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5346791A ## CPC - G03G 9/1075: {Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure} - B82Y 15/00: Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors - G03G 9/108: {Ferrite carrier, e.g. magnetite} - G03G 9/1085: {with non-ferrous metal oxide, e.g. MgO-Fe2O3} - G03G 9/10882: {Binder is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds} - G03G 9/1131: {Coating methods; Structure of coatings} - G03G 9/1139: {Inorganic components of coatings} - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY - B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES ## Abstract An electroconductive magnetic carrier which is composed of carrier particles, each of the carrier particles comprising a basic particle in which magnetic particles with an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m are dispersed in a binder resin, and electroconductive finely-divided particles with an average particle diameter of 0.5 .mu.m or less which are fixed on the surface of said basic particle to form a carrier particle with an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 .mu.m; a developer which is composed of the above electroconductive magnetic carrier and an electrically insulating toner; and an image formation method of forming toner images on a photoconductor by using this developer are described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electroconductive magnetic carrier for use with developer, comprising carrier particles with an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 .mu.m, each of said carrier particles comprising (i) a basic particle which comprises a binder resin and discrete magnetic particles with an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m dispersed in said binder resin, and (ii) electroconductive finely-divided particles with an average particle diameter of 0.5 .mu.m or less which are fixed on the surface of said basic particle. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic particles in said basic particle have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 .mu.m. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electroconductive finely-divided particles have an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 .mu.m. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carrier particle has an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 .mu.m. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of said average particle diameter of said electroconductive finely-divided particles to that of said carrier particle is 1/100 or less. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of said average particle diameter of said electroconductive finely-divided particles to that of said carrier particle is 1/500 or less. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic particles are contained in an amount of 70 to 90 wt. % in said basic particle. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, having a volume resistivity of b 10.sup.5 .OMEGA..cm or less. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, having a volume resistivity of 10.sup.2 to 10.sup.4 .OMEGA..cm. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electroconductive finely-divided particles are at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black particles, tin oxide particles, titanium oxide particles which are surface-treated to be electroconductive by coating of an electroconductive material, and silicon carbide particles. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic particles are ferrite particles or magnetite particles. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said binder resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl resin, polyester resin, nylon resin and polyolefin resin. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, having a maximum magnetization of 40 emu/g or more in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, and a ratio of said maximum magnetization to a density of said carrier of 13 or more. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, having a maximum magnetization of 45 to 60 emu/g in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, and a ratio of said maximum magnetization to a density of said carrier of 14 or more. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 1, further comprising chargeable finely-divided particles which are fixed on said surface of said basic particle. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 15, wherein said chargeable finely-divided particles have an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 .mu.m. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 15, wherein the amount of said electroconductive finely-divided particles is 50 wt. % or more of the total weight of said electroconductive finely-divided particles and said chargeable finely-divided particles. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed in claim 15, wherein the amount of said electroconductive finely-divided particles is 70 wt. % or more of the total weight of said electroconductive finely-divided particles and said chargeable finely-divided particles. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The electroconductive magnetic carrier as claimed ill claim 15, wherein said chargeable finely-divided particles are particles of at least one material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, styrene-based copolymers, acrylic resin, acryl-based copolymers, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluoroplastics, crosslinked materials of the above materials, silica, titanium dioxide and alumina. ### Claim 20 A developer comprising (a) an electroconductive magnetic carrier comprising carrier particles with an average particle diameter of b 5 to 100 .mu.m, each of said carrier particles comprising (i) a basic particle which comprises a binder resin and discrete magnetic particles with an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m dispersed in said binder resin, and (ii) electroconductive finely-divided particles with an average particle diameter of 0.5 .mu.m or less which are fixed on the surface of said basic particle; and (b) an electrically insulating toner. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The developer as claimed in claim 20, wherein said electroconductive magnetic carrier has a maximum magnetization of 40 emu/g or more in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, and a ratio of said maximum magnetization to a density of said carrier of 13 or more. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The developer as claimed in claim 20, wherein said electroconductive magnetic carrier further comprises chargeable finely-divided particles which are fixed on said surface of said basic particle. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The developer as claimed in claim 20, wherein said electroconductive magnetic carrier has a maximum magnetization of 40 to 60 emu/g in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, a volume resistivity of 10.sup.5 .OMEGA..cm or less and an average particle diameter of 10 to 100 .mu.m; and said toner is a magnetic toner having a maximum magnetization of 4 to 20 emu/g in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, a volume resistivity of 10.sup.14 .OMEGA..cm or more and an average particle diameter of 5 to 20 .mu.m. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The developer as claimed in claim 20, having a volume resistivity of 10.sup.6 .OMEGA..cm or less. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The developer as claimed in claim 20, having a volume resistivity of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.5 .OMEGA..cm. ### Claim 26 An image formation method of forming a toner image particle to a light image on a photoconductor by use of (a) a photoconductor which comprises a light-transmitting support, and at least a light-transmitting electroconductive layer and a photoconductive layer which are successively overlaid on said light-transmitting support, (b) a developer comprising an electroconductive magnetic carrier comprising carrier particles with an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 .mu.m, each of said carrier particles comprising a basic particle which comprises a binder resin and discrete magnetic particles with an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m dispersed in said binder resin, and electroconductive finely-divided particles with an average paricle diameter of 0.5 .mu.m or less which are fixed on the surface of said basic particle; and an electrically insulating toner, (c) a develoment means which is disposed on the side of said photoconductive layer of said photoconductor and supplies said developer onto the surface of said photoconductor, (d) a voltage application means for applying a voltage across said light-transmitting electronconductive layer of said photoconductor and said development means, and (e) an exposure means which is disposed on the side of said light-transmitting support of said photoconductor in such a configuration as to be directed toward said development means, comprising the steps of bringing said developer into contact with the surface of said photoconductor; and applying a light image to said photoconductive layer located near a position where said light-transmitting support and said development means are mutually directed, from the side of said light-transmitting support, under the application of a voltage across said light-transmitting electroconductive layer and said development means. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The image formation method as claimed in claim 26, wherein said photoconductive layer of said photoconductor is an amorphous silicon based photoconductive layer. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The image formation method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said amorphous silicon based photoconductive layer has a thickness of 1 to 20 .mu.m. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The image formation method as claimed in claim 26, wherein 250 V or less is applied across said light-transmitting electroconductive layer and said development means. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The image formation method as claimed in claim 26, wherein 30-150 V is applied across said light-transmitting electroconductive layer and said development means.