# US 5,345,377 A · Harmonic controller for an active power line conditioner

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- Number: US 5,345,377 A
- Document ID: US5345377A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/968,847
- Filed: 1992-10-30
- Granted: 1994-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 1992-10-30
- Assignees: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.
- Inventors: Charles W. Edwards
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5345377A

## CPC

- G05F 1/70: Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
- H02J 3/01: Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
- H02M 1/12: Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
- Y02E 40/40: Arrangements for reducing harmonics
- G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An apparatus and method of constructing a sinusoidal output signal corresponding to a selected harmonic of a sinusoidal input signal is described. The input signal is deconstructed into direct and quadrature components by respectively multiplying it with a selected harmonic of cosine and sine reference signals. The direct and quadrature components contain orthogonal dc components corresponding to the direct and quadrature magnitudes of the input signal at the selected harmonic frequency. The generated direct and quadrature magnitude values are respectively applied to error amplifiers in accordance with the invention. The outputs of the error amplifiers are respectively multiplied by the selected harmonic component of the sine and cosine reference signals. This provides the proper phase values for the respective quadrature and direct processed signals at the selected harmonic frequency. The processed quadrature and direct signals are then summed to yield an output signal which corresponds to the magnitude and phase values of the selected harmonic of the input signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus to construct a sinusoidal output signal corresponding to a plurality of selected harmonics of a sinusoidal input signal, said apparatus comprising:
means for dividing said sinusoidal input signal into a plurality of direct component signals corresponding to said plurality of selected harmonics and a plurality of quadrature component signals corresponding to said selected harmonics;
first means for controlling said plurality of direct component signals by applying a gain factor to said plurality of direct component signals and by adding an accumulating functional term, corresponding to a running sum of error terms for said sinusoidal input signal, to said plurality of direct component signals to produce a plurality of accumulated direct component signals with amplitudes corresponding to the magnitudes of said selected harmonic components;
second means for controlling said plurality of quadrature component signals by applying a gain factor to said plurality of quadrature component signals and by adding an accumulating functional term, corresponding to a running sum of error terms of said sinusoidal input signal, to said plurality of quadrature component signals to produce a plurality of accumulated quadrature component signals with amplitudes corresponding to the magnitude of said selected harmonic components;
first means for multiplying said accumulated direct component signals by said plurality of selected harmonic components of a cosine reference signal to provide a plurality of amplified direct component signals with phase values corresponding to said plurality of selected harmonics of said input signal;
second means for multiplying said accumulated quadrature component signals by said plurality of predetermined harmonic components of a sine reference signal to provide a plurality of amplified quadrature component signals with phase values corresponding to said plurality of selected harmonics of said input signal; and
means for adding said amplified direct component signals and said amplified quadrature component signals to form said output signal corresponding to said plurality of selected harmonics of said sinusoidal input signal.

### Claim 2

A method of constructing a sinusoidal output signal corresponding to a selected harmonic of a sinusoidal input signal, said method comprising the steps of:
(A) dividing said sinusoidal input signal into a direct component signal corresponding to said selected harmonic component and a quadrature component signal corresponding to said selected harmonic component;
(B) controlling said direct component signal by applying a gain factor to said direct component signal and by adding an accumulating functional term, corresponding to a running sum of error terms of said sinusoidal input signal, to said direct component signal to produce an accumulated direct component signal with an amplitude corresponding to said selected harmonic component magnitude;
(C) controlling said quadrature component signal by applying a gain factor to said quadrature component signal and by adding an accumulating functional term, corresponding to a running sum of error terms of said sinusoidal input signal, to said quadrature component signal to produce an accumulated quadrature component signal with an amplitude corresponding to said selected harmonic component magnitude;
(D) multiplying said accumulated direct component signal by said selected harmonic component of a cosine reference signal to provide an amplified direct component signal with a phase value corresponding to said input signal;
(E) multiplying said accumulated quadrature component signal by said predetermined harmonic component of a sine reference signal to provide an amplified quadrature component signal with a phase value corresponding to said input signal;
(F) adding said amplified direct component signal and said amplified quadrature component signal to form said output signal; and
(G) repeating steps (A) through (F) for a plurality of selected harmonics.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sinusoidal input signal is a voltage error signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for adding a dc-link error voltage signal to said output signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for adding a load current harmonic signal to said output signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for adding a parallel inverter reference signal to said output signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a pulse width modulator for receiving said output signal and generating a pulse width modulated signal; and
a parallel inverter coupled to said pulse width modulator and processing said pulse width modulated signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 wherein said sinusoidal input signal is a voltage error signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of adding a dc-link error voltage signal to said output signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of adding a load current harmonic signal to said output signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of adding a parallel inverter reference signal to said output signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of:
conveying said output signal to a pulse width modulator to generate a pulse width modulated signal; and
processing said pulse width modulated signal with a parallel inverter.