# US 5,345,340 A · Plural pass vision system

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- Number: US 5,345,340 A
- Document ID: US5345340A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/064,322
- Filed: 1993-05-20
- Granted: 1994-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 1993-05-20
- Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army
- Inventors: Robert V. Goedert
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5345340A

## CPC

- G02B 17/086: {wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems}
- G02B 17/08: Catadioptric systems {(used in non-imaging applications G02B19/00)}
- G02F 1/3523: {Non-linear absorption changing by light, e.g. bleaching}
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS

## Abstract

Disclosed herein is an optical system which allows light below a given flce to pass but which blocks light above the given fluence so that a human viewer using the system is not harmed by high energy lasers directed at the system. The optical system concentrates incoming light at a first focal zone in a NLASM, or nonlinear absorbing or scattering material. During a time delay, the system reconcentrates the light at a second focal zone to which the plasma zone has had time to expand. The character and number of light concentrations in the NLASM can be varied to protect the human viewer from a wider range of harmful light fluences.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An optical system for selectively passing light below a given fluence while blocking light above the given fluence, the system comprising:
a NLASM;
a first focal zone within the NLASM;
a first receiving means for concentrating within the first focal zone parallel light rays entering the system;
a second focal zone within the NLSAM;
repassing means for redirecting and refocussing light rays leaving the first focal zone into the second focal zone;
a second receiving means optically downstream of the repassing means for receiving exiting light rays that have passed through the second focal zone, the second receiving means placing the exiting light rays in mutual parallel relation.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The optical system of claim 1 wherein the first receiving means, the repassing means and the second receiving means are all defined by a block of transparent material surrounding the NLASM.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The optical system of claim 2 wherein the block adjacently interfaces with the NLASM and has the same index of refraction as the NLASM.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein:
the NLASM has a different index of refraction than the block;
the NLASM defines a curve at an interface between the NLASM and the block such that light entering the NLASM through the interface concentrates along a first line of discrete length within the NLASM and subsequently concentrates at a second line of discrete length within the NLASM.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4 wherein one of the lines is at least one order of magnitude longer than another of the lines.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4 wherein;
the curve is a first curve and the interface is a first interface;
the NLASM defines a second curve at a second interface between the NLASM and the block;
the second curve is generally parallel to the first curve and is disposed on the opposite side of the first focal zone from the first curve.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4 wherein the curves are concentric with a common axis running through the first focal zone.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, further comprising:
a first NLASM lens on the NLASM accepting convergent light rays from the repassing means, the NLASM lens curved so as to avoid altering the directions of the convergent light rays;
a second NLASM lens on the NLASM opposite the first NLASM lens, the second NLASM accepting light rays passed through the second focal zone from the first NLASM lens, the second NLASM lens curved so as to avoid altering the directions of the light rays passed through the second focal zone.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The optical system of claim 1 further comprising a plasma originating in the first focal zone and expanding to include the second focal zone.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The optical system of claim 9 further comprising:
a third focal zone within the NLASM remote from the first and second focal zones so as to be outside the plasma at the first and second focal zones;
ray manipulation means for redirecting and refocussing light rays from the second focal zone at the third focal zone.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10 wherein the ray manipulation means comprises a spherically concave mirror open toward the third focal zone.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The optical system of claim 1 wherein the repassing means is also a means to delay for a preselected time entry of light rays from the first focal zone into the second focal zone.