# US 5,345,188 A · Sigma-delta digital FM demodulator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,345,188 A - Document ID: US5345188A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/092,381 - Filed: 1993-07-14 - Granted: 1994-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 1993-07-14 - Assignees: Seiko Telecommunication Systems, Inc. - Inventors: Jeffrey R. Owen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5345188A ## CPC - H03D 3/006: {by sampling the oscillations and further processing the samples, e.g. by computing techniques (H03D3/007 takes precedence)} - H03D 2200/005: Analog to digital conversion - H03D 2200/0054: Digital filters - H03D 2200/0064: Detection of passages through null of a signal - H03D 2200/0078: using a switched phase shifter or delay line - H03D: DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER (masers, lasers H01S; circuits capable of acting both as modulator and demodulator H03C; details applicable to both modulators and frequency-changers H03C; demodulating pulses H03K9/00; transforming types of pulse modulation H03K11/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M; repeater stations H04B7/14; demodulators adapted for AC systems of digital information transmission H04L27/00; synchronous demodulators adapted for colour television H04N9/66) ## Abstract Digital frequency demodulation is accomplished by monitoring similar transitions in an FM radio signal to determine frequency. Time intervals between similar transitions in the FM signal are established by selecting anticipated transition times and accumulating error values relative to actual transition times. Accumulated error values provide a basis for further selecting anticipated transition times in such manner that a reported sequence of anticipated transition times provides a basis for inferring signal frequency. In one illustrated embodiment, the chosen transition times are positive transitions in the FM signal and the anticipated times of transition are taken from a set of two time periods, an early transition and a late transition relative to a valid transition window. By reporting the selected anticipation times by associated values in a digital bit stream, frequency may be inferred by computing a ratio of given digital values in the bit stream relative to the total number of samples in the bit stream. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of digital frequency demodulation comprising the steps: monitoring chosen transitions of an FM signal; selecting, based on an accumulated error value, one of a plurality of anticipated times between adjacent chosen signal transitions; measuring a time difference between an actual next transition time and the selected anticipated transition time; and incorporating said difference into said accumulated error value. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein said chosen transitions are sequentially adjacent similar transitions in said FM signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein said selecting step comprises delaying a first of said chosen transitions in said FM signal to provide a plurality of trigger signals relatively offset in time and occurring in given proximity by virtue of said delaying step to a next one of said similar transitions in said FM signal, one of said trigger signals being selected as a function of said accumulated error value, the selected one of said trigger signals corresponding to a selected anticipated time. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein said selected anticipated time is a gate signal having a given state of given duration, the selected anticipated time corresponding to a mid-point of said given duration, and said measuring step comprises integration during said given duration of a frequency signal derived from said FM signal and having a first condition preceding each similar transition and a second condition following each similar transition. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) A method according to claim 4 wherein said first condition is a positive voltage and said second condition is a negative voltage whereby integration of said frequency signal during said given duration provides a measure of said time difference as a net change in an integrator output over said given duration and said integrator represents said accumulated error value. ### Claim 6 A method of frequency demodulation comprising the steps: receiving a frequency modulated signal; indicating time of occurrence for chosen transitions in said frequency modulated signal; generating an anticipated time of occurrence for each of said chosen transitions, said generation of an anticipated time of occurrence being a function of an accumulated error value; measuring a cycle error for each of said anticipated times of occurrence relative to the corresponding times of occurrence; incorporating said cycle errors into said accumulated error value; and deriving a frequency of said frequency modulated signal as a function of a selected series of said anticipated times of occurrence. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A method according to claim 6 wherein said generating step comprises selecting from a set of available anticipated times of occurrence. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A method according to claim 7 wherein said set of available anticipated times of occurrence are a function of a delayed prior chosen transition in said FM signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) A method according to claim 6 wherein said generating step comprises selecting from a set of available anticipated times of occurrence within a window of valid times of occurrence, and said deriving step comprises averaging of values taken from said series of anticipated times of occurrence for each pending one of said similar transitions. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) A method according to claim 6 wherein said generating step comprises selection of anticipated times of occurrence in negative feedback fashion to maintain said accumulated error value within a given magnitude. ### Claim 11 A device producing a representation of frequency of a signal, the device comprising: means receiving a frequency signal and indicating times of occurrence of given chosen conditions in said frequency signal, the relative time of occurrence among said given chosen conditions representing frequency of said frequency signal; means generating anticipated times of occurrence for said given chosen conditions; means comparing an indication of time of occurrence for said given chosen condition with the associated anticipated time of occurrence and producing a representation of error in the anticipated time of occurrence relative to the indicated time of occurrence; and means collecting from said comparing means said representation of error and incorporating said errors into an accumulated error, said generating means selecting each anticipated time of occurrence as a function of said accumulated error. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A device according to claim 11 wherein said given chosen conditions are similar transitions in said frequency signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A device according to claim 12 wherein said similar transitions are rising transitions. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) A device according to claim 12 wherein said similar transitions are falling transitions. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) A device according to claim 11 wherein said given chosen conditions are sequentially adjacent in time. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) A device according to claim 11 wherein said generating means comprises a gate signal generator triggered in delayed fashion relative to a preceding occurrence of said chosen condition, said gate signal having a given state of given duration, the associated anticipated time of occurrence corresponding to a mid-point of said given duration. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) A device according to claim 11 wherein said generating means comprises a gate signal generator triggered in delayed fashion relative to a preceding occurrence of said chosen condition, said gate signal being a signal of a given state for a given duration, the associated anticipated time of occurrence of said gate signal corresponding to a mid-point of said given duration; and said comparing means measures a first time interval beginning with said given state of said gate signal and ending with indication of occurrence of said given chosen condition in said frequency signal and measures a second time interval beginning indication of said given chosen condition in said frequency signal and terminating with said given state of said gate signal, said representation of error being a representation of a time difference between said first and second time intervals. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) A device according to claim 11 wherein said receiving means indicates time of occurrence for each of said given chosen conditions by transition from a first state to a second state, said generating means produces as an anticipated time of occurrence a gate signal of given duration with the time of anticipated occurrence corresponding to a mid-point of said given duration, said comparing means identifies first and second time intervals of said given duration corresponding to said frequency signal being in said first and second states, respectively, during said given duration and represents said error as a difference between said first and second time intervals.