# US 5,344,631 A · Process for the separation of undesirable constituents from a waste gas > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,344,631 A - Document ID: US5344631A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/885,592 - Filed: 1992-05-19 - Granted: 1994-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 1988-12-30 - Assignees: Steag Aktiengesellschaft - Inventors: Hermann Bruggendick - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5344631A ## CPC - B01D 53/68: Halogens or halogen compounds - B01D 53/08: according to the "moving bed" method - B01D 53/34: Chemical or biological purification of waste gases - B01D 53/60: Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides - B01D 53/83: with moving reactants - B01J 8/12: moved by gravity in a downward flow - B01D 53/0431: {Beds with radial gas flow} - B01D 2251/2062: Ammonia - B01D 2253/102: Carbon - B01D 2257/2045: Hydrochloric acid - B01D 2257/302: Sulfur oxides - B01D 2257/404: Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide - B01D 2257/602: Mercury or mercury compounds - B01D 2258/0291: from waste incineration plants - F23J 2215/10: Nitrogen; Compounds thereof - F23J 2215/20: Sulfur; Compounds thereof - F23J 2215/30: Halogen; Compounds thereof - F23J 2219/60: Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds - B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28) - B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS - F23J: REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G7/06) ## Abstract Process for adsorbing undesirable constituents from a waste gas by feeding the waste gas through at least one reaction chamber filled with lumpy or granular adsorbent, and through at least one adsorption layer. The adsorbent is introduced into the reaction chamber and discharged therefrom through several separate feed and discharge hoppers in a grid-like distribution. The waste gas is guided in part from the side transversely to the adsorption layer and in part vertically through the reaction chamber by introducing the waste gas between the separate feed hoppers from above to flow downward through an exposed upper surface of the adsorbent in such a manner that the adsorbent in all zones of the reaction chamber participates practically uniformly in the adsorption. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a process for the separation of constituents including SO.sub.2 from a waste gas by adsorption on a lumpy or granular carbonaceous adsorbent adapted to adsorb said constituents, wherein the waste gas to be treated flows through at least one reaction chamber filled with adsorbent and is conducted through at least one adsorption layer; the improvement comprising introducing the adsorbent into the reaction chamber and discharging the adsorbent therefrom through several separate feed and discharge hoppers in a grid-like distribution, wherein said several separate feed hoppers feed adsorbent to a same said reaction chamber and said several discharge hoppers discharge adsorbent from said same reaction chamber, and guiding the waste gas in part from the side transversely to the adsorption layer and in part vertically through the reaction chamber by introducing the waste gas between said separate feed hoppers and into the reaction chamber from above to flow downward through an exposed upper surface of said adsorbent in such a way that the adsorbent in all zones of the reaction chamber participates practically uniformly in the adsorption. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, wherein said constituents include also HCl and NO.sub.x and are separated in differing adsorption layers and are removed from the reaction chamber in separate streams. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) Process according to claim 2, wherein differing adsorbents are utilized in at least two differing adsorption layers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) Process according to claim 3, wherein the waste gas flows through at least two different adsorption layers at differing flow velocities. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) Process according to claim 4, wherein the same waste gas stream is conducted in succession through the adsorption layers, and the flow velocities are set by dimensioning the flow-exposed surfaces associated with the adsorption layers. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1 wherein the reaction chamber is filled and emptied in a batchwise fashion, and the waste gas treatment takes place in at least one fixed bed. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, wherein discharge hoppers for the adsorbent are exposed to a flow of the waste gas and are heated. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, wherein, the constituents include heavy metals, SO.sub.2, HCl, and NO.sub.x and wherein in a first adsorption layer, the heavy metals are separated from the waste gas and, in a second adsorption layer, the SO.sub.2 and HCl gaseous components are separated from the waste gas, and the waste gas is finally subjected to NO.sub.x reduction in a further reaction stage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) Process according to claim 7, wherein a portion of the waste gas is introduced into the reaction chamber from below through the adsorbent discharge hoppers. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A process for flue gas purification in refuse incinerating plants, comprising subjecting said flue gas to the process of claim 1 wherein said flue gas constitutes said waste gas.