# US 5,344,602 A · Continuous forming of fiber composite materials > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,344,602 A - Document ID: US5344602A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/930,730 - Filed: 1992-08-14 - Granted: 1994-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 1992-08-14 - Assignees: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University - Inventors: Stephen A. Yencho - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5344602A ## CPC - B29C 70/542: {Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve} - B29C 53/04: of plates or sheets {(B29C63/04 takes precedence; bending or folding paper B31F1/0003; folding films B65H45/00)} - B29C 53/043: {using rolls or endless belts} - B29C 70/56: Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping - B29K 2105/06: containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts - Y10T 156/1044: of parallel stacked sheets only - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A workpiece of a fiber-containing composite material is formed in a kinematically admissible manner by applying a tension loading to the workpiece in a transverse direction and passing the workpiece in the transverse direction through apparatus having a bending roller extending in the longitudinal direction over substantially the entire length of the workpiece. The workpiece is formed over the bending roller by introducing a net bending deformation into the workpiece and progressively propagating the bend transversely through the workpiece as the workpiece is moved in the transverse direction. The transverse laminar length of the workpiece remains substantially unchanged during the forming process. Preferably, the workpiece is contained within a vacuum bag during the forming operation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for continuously forming a transverse bend in a workpiece of a fiber-containing composite material, comprising the steps of: supplying the workpiece of the fiber-containing composite material having fibers embedded within a matrix, the workpiece having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction defined therefor; passing the workpiece in the transverse direction through apparatus having a bending roller extending in the longitudinal direction over substantially an entire length of the workpiece and defining a forming zone adjacent to the bending roller, the bending roller permanently bending the composite workpiece by introducing a net bending deformation into the workpiece, placing the workpiece into a vacuum forming bag, and progressively propagating the introduced net bending deformation transversely through the workpiece as the workpiece is moved in the transverse direction, the propagating being accomplished such that the transverse laminar length of the workpiece remains substantially unchanged during the forming process, the workpiece remaining in the vacuum forming bag during the step of progressively propagating; and applying a tension loading across the entire workpiece in the transverse direction to the forming zone, from outside of the forming zone. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the net bending deformation is introduced at an edge of the workpiece. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, including the additional step of heating the workpiece in the region contacted by the bending roller. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, including the additional step of cooling the workpiece in at least some of the regions remote from the bending roller. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, including the additional step, prior to the step of introducing a net bending deformation, of placing flexible membranes on either side of the workpiece, the workpiece remaining between the flexible membranes during the step of progressively propagating. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the vacuum forming bag comprises a flexible top sheet and a flexible bottom sheet joined together along their longitudinal edges, a set of side strips at each longitudinal edge of the workpiece and between the top sheet and the bottom sheet, a leading edge caul plate joining the top sheet and the bottom sheet along a leading transverse edge that first enters the apparatus, and a trailing edge caul plate joining the top sheet and the bottom sheet along a trailing transverse edge remote from the leading transverse edge. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the bending roller is cylindrical. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the bending roller has a variable curvature. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1, wherein the step of passing includes the step of: placing a sleeve over the bending roller. ### Claim 10 A process for continuously forming a workpiece of a reinforced composite material, comprising the steps of: supplying the workpiece of the reinforced composite material having reinforcements embedded within a matrix, the workpiece being formable at a forming temperature; heating the portion of the workpiece in the forming zone to at least the forming temperature; applying a tension loading in a loading direction to the forming zone of the workpiece through an entire thickness of the workpiece, the tension loading being applied to the workpiece outside of the forming zone; placing the workpiece into a vacuum forming bag; and bending the portion of the workpiece in the forming zone over a bending roller having an axis lying perpendicular to the loading direction in a kinematically admissible manner such that the laminar length of the workpiece, in the direction of loading, remains substantially unchanged during the bending process, the workpiece remaining in the vacuum forming bag during the step of bending. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The process of claim 10, including the additional step of cooling the workpiece in at least some of the regions outside of the forming zone. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The process of claim 10, including the additional step, prior to the step of bending, of placing flexible membranes on either side of the workpiece, the workpiece remaining between the flexible membranes during the step of bending. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The process of claim 10, wherein the vacuum forming bag comprises a flexible top sheet and a flexible bottom sheet joined together along their longitudinal edges, a set of side strips at each longitudinal edge of the workpiece and between the top sheet and the bottom sheet, a leading edge caul plate joining the top sheet and the bottom sheet along a leading transverse edge that first enters the apparatus, and a trailing edge caul plate joining the top sheet and the bottom sheet along a trailing transverse edge remote from the leading transverse edge. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The process of claim 10, including the additional step, after the step of bending, of propagating the workpiece through the forming zone.