# US 5,344,570 A · Method and apparatus for removing solids from a liquid

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- Number: US 5,344,570 A
- Document ID: US5344570A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/004,590
- Filed: 1993-01-14
- Granted: 1994-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 1993-01-14
- Assignees: James E. McLachlan
- Inventors: James E. McLachlan; Michael G. Domagalski; Bruce I. Gilman
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5344570A

## CPC

- E21B 21/065: {Separating solids from drilling fluids}
- B01D 21/262: {by using a centrifuge}
- B01D 21/302: {Active control mechanisms with external energy, e.g. with solenoid valve}
- B01D 2221/04: Separation devices for treating liquids from earth drilling, mining
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)

## Abstract

A method for removing insoluble materials from a liquid mixture, including spinning at least one centrifuge separator at a predetermined speed and pumping the mixture to the spinning centrifuge separator at a predetermined rate. The rate in which the mixture is pumped to the separator is varied in response to a variable angular moment of force in the centrifuge separator caused by density variations in the mixture. The method is carried out by an apparatus including at least one centrifuge separator coupled in fluid communication to at least one pump. A closed-loop feedback system is operably coupled to the devices driving both the separator and the pump to control the rate in which the mixture is supplied to the separator. The rate is determined by the angular moment of force in the separator which then allows the system to increase, maintain, or decrease the output of the pump. The apparatus further includes a system for temporarily storing the mixture and effluent discharged from the separator as well as a system for disposing of the insoluble materials.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for removing solids entrained in a fluid, comprising:
a centrifuge separator;
a pump in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator for supplying a volume of solids-containing fluid thereto;
a closed loop feedback system for controlling the volume of solids-containing fluid provided by said pump to said centrifuge separator in response to an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator, said centrifuge separator separating the solids from the fluid to provide a fluid effluent;
a tank for temporarily receiving the solids-containing fluid and said fluid effluent;
means for selectively placing said tank in direct fluid communication with said pump; and
means for transporting said fluid effluent from said centrifuge separator to said tank.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as defined by claim 1, further including means for flocculating the solids entrained in the fluid.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus as defined in claim 2, further including means for introducing a polymer into said solids-containing fluid prior to entering said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The apparatus as defined in claim 2, further including means for introducing an acid into said solids-containing fluid prior to entering said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein said means for changing the alkalinity of the fluid is upstream of said means for introducing said polymer.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as defined in claim 1, further including:
a first power source for driving said centrifuge separator;
a second power source for driving said pump;
a sensor for monitoring said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator; and
a control operably interconnecting said sensor and said second power source for changing the speed of said pump in response to a change in said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said first power source includes a first hydraulic means for driving said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein said first hydraulic means includes:
a first hydraulic pump;
a first hydraulic motor coupled in drive relationship with said centrifuge separator;
a closed loop hydraulic circuit interconnecting said first hydraulic pump in fluid communication with said first hydraulic motor; and
means for driving said first hydraulic pump.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein said means for driving said first hydraulic pump includes a motor.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said second power source includes a second hydraulic means for driving said pump.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as defined in claim 10, wherein said sensor includes a transducer mounted in said second hydraulic means for sensing pressure variations therein.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as defined in claim 10, wherein said second hydraulic means includes:
a second hydraulic pump;
a second hydraulic motor coupled in drive relationship to said pump;
a closed loop hydraulic circuit interconnecting said second hydraulic pump in fluid communications with said second hydraulic motor; and
means for driving said second hydraulic pump.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The apparatus as defined in claim 12, wherein said means for driving said second hydraulic pump includes a motor.

### Claim 14 (depends on 6)

The apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said control includes:
a module for receiving an input from said sensor and for producing an output;
a program-controlled processor, receiving said output from said module and from an operator and comparing said output received from said module with a programmed maximum;
a controller operably coupled to said module and said program-controlled processor for receiving said output from said module; and
a signal amplifier operably interconnecting said controller with said second power source.

### Claim 15 (depends on 6)

The apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said first and second power sources are mounted on a platform at one end of a tank.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said tank includes:
a plurality of compartments defined therein;
a first conduit interconnecting each of said compartments with said pump;
a second conduit interconnecting each of said compartments directly with said centrifuge separator; and
a third conduit interconnecting each of said compartments with a discharge line for transferring at least one of said fluid effluent and said solids-containing fluid to a second container.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein said plurality of compartments are defined by a plurality of divider panels.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein each of said plurality of divider panels includes at least one gate for placing adjacent compartments in fluid communication with each other.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The apparatus as defined in claim 16, further including a fourth conduit interconnecting each of said compartments to a high pressure side of said pump for selectively agitating the contents in each of said compartments.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

The apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein each of said compartments include:
an inclined floor;
a sump defined in said inclined floor; and
a plurality of walls extending upwardly from said floor and comprising said tank.

### Claim 21

A method for removing solids entrained in a solids-containing fluid, comprising:
operating a centrifuge separator at a predetermined speed;
temporarily storing the solids-containing fluid in a first container;
placing said first container in fluid communication with a pump,
pumping the solids-containing fluid into said centrifuge separator;
controlling the volume of said solids-containing fluid pumped to said centrifuge separator in response to an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator, said centrifuge separator separating the solids from the solids-containing fluid in said centrifuge separator to produce a fluid effluent:
depositing the solids separated from the solids-containing fluid in a second container; and
discharging the fluid effluent from said centrifuge separator to said first container.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method as defined in claim 21, further including:
agitating the solids-containing fluid temporarily stored in said first container to suspend the solids in the solids-containing fluid prior to pumping the solids-containing fluid to said centrifuge separator; and
decanting the fluid effluent discharged from said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The method as defined in claim 22, further including:
flocculating the solids in the solids-containing fluid.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The method as defined in claim 23, wherein the step of flocculating includes changing the alkalinity of the solids-containing fluid.

### Claim 25 (depends on 23)

The method as defined in claim 23, wherein the step of flocculating includes introducing a polymer to the solids-containing fluid.

### Claim 26

A method for removing solids entrained in a solids-containing fluid, comprising:
operating a centrifuge separator at a predetermined speed;
pumping the solids-containing fluid into said centrifuge separator at a predetermined rate;
controlling the volume of said solids-containing fluid pumped to said centrifuge separator in response to an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator, said centrifuge separator separating the solids from the solids-containing fluid to produce a fluid effluent;
driving said centrifuge separator with a motor; and
adjusting the speed of said motor to drive said centrifuge separator at said predetermined speed.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method as defined in claim 26, wherein driving said centrifuge separator includes:
providing a hydraulic motor in driving relationship with said centrifuge separator;
driving a variable displacement hydraulic pump interconnected to said hydraulic motor by a hydraulic line; and
controlling the displacement of hydraulic fluid by said variable displacement hydraulic pump to said hydraulic motor.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method as defined in claim 27, wherein measuring an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator includes:
measuring a hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic line from said variable displacement hydraulic pump to said hydraulic motor.

### Claim 29

A method for removing solids entrained in a solids-containing fluid, comprising:
operating a centrifuge separator at a predetermined speed;
pumping the solids-containing fluid into said centrifuge separator at a predetermined rate;
controlling the volume of said solids-containing fluid pumped to said centrifuge separator in response to an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator, said centrifuge separator separating the solids from the solids-containing fluid to produce a fluid effluent;
selectively placing a pump in fluid communication with a source of the solids-containing fluid and said centrifuge separator; and
driving said pump with a variable speed motor.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The method as defined in claim 29, wherein controlling the volume of said solids-containing fluid pumped to said centrifuge separator includes varying the speed of said variable speed motor for said pump in response to said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The method as defined in claim 30, wherein controlling the volume of solids-containing fluid pumped to said centrifuge separator includes varying the speed of said variable speed motor for said pump manually in response to said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 32 (depends on 29)

The method as defined in claim 29, wherein driving said pump with a variable speed motor includes:
driving said pump with a hydraulic motor in fluid communication with a variable displacement hydraulic pump; and
controlling the displacement of said variable displacement hydraulic pump in response to said angular moment of force measured in said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 33

An apparatus for cleaning insolubles from a fluid mixture, comprising:
a centrifuge separator;
a pump coupled in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator for providing the fluid mixture thereto at an adjustable rate;
a power source for driving said centrifuge separator and said pump;
a control circuit operably coupled to said power source for adjusting the rate at which the fluid mixture is provided to said centrifuge separator in response to a measure of angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator produced by an influx of insolubles to said centrifuge separator;
a tank for temporarily containing said fluid mixture and coupled in fluid communication with said pump and said centrifuge separator;
a first conduit for introducing the fluid mixture into said tank;
a second conduit having an inlet in said tank and in fluid communication with said pump for supplying the fluid mixture to said pump;
a third conduit placing said pump in fluid communication with an inlet to said centrifuge separator for supplying the fluid mixture to said centrifuge separator;
means for receiving a fluid effluent from said centrifuge separator generally free of insolubles;
a fourth conduit in said tank for decanting fluid therefrom; and
an agitator in said tank for suspending the insolubles in the fluid mixture contained therein.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

The apparatus as defined in a claim 33, wherein said centrifuge separator is located above a container for receiving insolubles cleaned from said fluid mixture therein.

### Claim 35

An apparatus for cleaning insolubles from a fluid mixture, comprising:
a centrifuge separator;
a pump coupled in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator for providing the fluid mixture thereto at an adjustable rate;
a power source for driving said centrifuge separator and said pump;
a control circuit operably coupled to said power source for adjusting the rate at which the fluid mixture is provided to said centrifuge separator in response to a measure of angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator produced by an influx of insolubles to said centrifuge separator;
a tank for temporarily containing said fluid mixture and coupled in fluid communication with said pump and said centrifuge separator, said tank including:
a plurality of compartments defined in said container by at least one dividing wall, each of said compartments being in selective fluid communication with said pump and said centrifuge separator; and
at least one gate in said at least one dividing wall to permit fluid communication between said plurality of compartments.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The apparatus as defined in claim 35, further including:
a first conduit for selectively introducing the fluid mixture into said plurality of compartments.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The apparatus as defined in claim 36, further including a second conduit in fluid communication with said plurality of compartments for selectively decanting liquid therefrom.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The apparatus as defined in claim 37, further including an agitator in each of said plurality of compartments for suspending the insolubles in the fluid mixture contained therein.

### Claim 39 (depends on 38)

The apparatus as defined in claim 38, further including a third conduit in selective fluid communication with each of said plurality of compartments for receiving said fluid effluent from said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The apparatus as defined in claim 39, further including means for introducing an additive to the fluid mixture pumped to said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The apparatus as defined in claim 40, wherein said means for introducing an additive includes:
an additive pump in fluid communication with the additive and
a pipe in fluid communication with said additive pump and coupled in fluid communication with said third conduit placing said pump in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator.

### Claim 42

An apparatus for cleaning insolubles from a fluid mixture, comprising:
a centrifuge separator, said centrifuge separator located above a container for receiving insolubles cleaned from said fluid mixture;
a pump coupled in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator for proving the fluid mixture thereto at an adjustable rate;
a power source for driving said centrifuge separator and said pump;
a control circuit operably coupled to said power source for adjusting the rate at which the fluid mixture is provided to said centrifuge separator in response to a measure of an angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator produced by an influx of insolubles to said centrifuge separator;
a conveyor partially disposed in said container for conveying the insolubles deposited therein; and
a solidification machine for receiving the insolubles conveyed by said conveyor from said container, for mixing the insolubles with an additive for binding the insolubles.

### Claim 43 (depends on 42)

The apparatus as defined in claim 42, wherein said power source includes:
a first variable speed motor driving said centrifuge separator; and
a second variable speed motor driving said pump.

### Claim 44 (depends on 43)

The apparatus as defined in claim 43, wherein said first and second variable speed motors include:
a first and second hydraulic motors coupled in drive relationship to said centrifuge separator and said pump, respectively;
a first and second variable displacement hydraulic pumps;
a first and second closed-loop hydraulic lines interconnecting said first and second hydraulic motors with said first and second variable displacement hydraulic pumps, respectively; and
an electronic displacement control valve coupled to each of said first and second hydraulic pumps and operably coupled to said control circuit.

### Claim 45

An apparatus for cleaning insolubles from a fluid mixture, comprising:
a centrifuge separator;
a pump coupled in fluid communication with said centrifuge separator for providing the fluid mixture thereto at an adjustable rate;
a power source for driving said centrifuge separator and said pump;
a control circuit operably coupled to said power source for adjusting the rate at which the fluid mixture is provided to said centrifuge separator in response to a measure of angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator produced by an influx of insolubles to said centrifuge separator; said control circuit includes:
a sensor for indirectly detecting said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator and outputting a signal in response thereto;
a logic circuit for receiving said output signal from said sensor and outputting a control signal in response to said output signal from said sensor;
a controller receiving said control signal from said logic circuit;
an amplifier operably coupled to said power source; and
a circuit operably interconnecting said amplifier with said controller for enabling and disabling said controller to provide both manual and automatic adjustment of the rate at which the fluid mixture is supplied to said centrifuge separator in response to said angular moment of force in said centrifuge separator.