# US 5,344,306 A · Reducing nitrogen oxides emissions by dual fuel firing of a turbine

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- Number: US 5,344,306 A
- Document ID: US5344306A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/751,170
- Filed: 1991-08-28
- Granted: 1994-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 1991-08-28
- Assignees: Nalco Fuel Tech
- Inventors: Donald T. Brown; Alexander S. Dainoff
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5344306A

## CPC

- C10L 1/328: {Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase}
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS

## Abstract

The invention presented relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a gas turbine. The process involves forming an emulsion of water and fuel oil and simultaneously combusting the thusly formed emulsion with natural gas in a gas turbine.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a gas turbine, comprising forming an emulsion of water and fuel oil which comprises a water-in-fuel oil emulsion having up to about 92% water by weight or a fuel oil-in-water emulsion having up to about 80% fuel oil by weight, and simultaneously combusting said emulsion and natural gas in a gas turbine.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein said fuel oil is selected from the group consisting of distillate fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and #2 oil.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The process of claim 2, wherein said emulsion comprises up to about 92% water-in-fuel oil.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein said emulsion further comprises an emulsifier having an HLB of 8 or less in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1.0% by weight.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The process of claim 4, wherein said emulsifier comprises:
a) ethoxylated alkylphenols,
b) alkylated sulfates,
c) alkylated sulfonates,
d) alkanolamides formed by condensation of:
i) an alkyl or hydroxy alkyl amine, or mixtures thereof and
ii) an acid,
or mixtures thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The process of claim 5, wherein said emulsifier comprises an alkanolamide present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 0.3% by weight.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The process of claim 5, wherein said emulsifier further comprises an emulsion stabilizer in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5% emulsion stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of waxes, cellulose products, gums, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 8

A process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a gas turbine, comprising forming an emulsion of up to about 92% water in fuel oil and simultaneously combusting said emulsion with natural gas in a gas turbine.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein said fuel oil is selected from the group consisting of distillate fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and #2 oil.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein said emulsion comprises between about 40% to about 87% water-in-fuel oil.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The process of claim 8, wherein said emulsion further comprises an emulsifier having an HLB of 8 or less in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1.0% by weight.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The process of claim 11, wherein said emulsifier comprises:
a) ethoxylated alkylphenols,
b) alkylated sulfates,
c) alkylated sulfonates,
d) alkanolamides formed by condensation of:
i) an alkyl or hydroxy alkyl amine, or mixtures thereof and
ii) an acid,
or mixtures thereof.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The process of claim 12, wherein said emulsifier comprises an alkanolamide present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 0.3% by weight.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The process of claim 12, wherein said emulsifier further comprises an emulsion stabilizer in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, wherein said emulsion stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of waxes, cellulose products, gums, and mixtures thereof.