# US 5,343,670 A · Method of forming selected size and weight bales of hay into a selected size and weight non-palletized unit

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- Number: US 5,343,670 A
- Document ID: US5343670A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/987,120
- Filed: 1992-12-08
- Granted: 1994-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 1989-05-17
- Assignees: A.C.X. Trading, Inc.
- Inventors: John M. Gombos; Moshe Leashno
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5343670A

## CPC

- B30B 9/3078: {with precompression means}
- A01F 15/005: {for conditioning bales, e.g. rebaling}
- B30B 9/3014: {Ejection means}
- B65B 27/12: Baling or bundling compressible fibrous material, e.g. peat
- B30B: PRESSES IN GENERAL (producing ultra-high pressure or ultra-high pressure and high temperature to effect modifications of a substance, e.g. for making artificial diamonds B01J3/00 ){(compressing means for refuse receptacles B65F1/1405)}
- A01F: PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE (devices for topping or skinning onions or flower bulbs A23N15/08)
- B65B: MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING (bundling and pressing devices for cigars A24C1/44; devices for tensioning and securing binders adapted to be supported by the article or articles to be bound B25B25/00; applying closure members to bottles, jars or similar containers B67B1/00-B67B6/00; concurrent cleaning, filling and closing of bottles B67C7/00; emptying bottles, jars, cans, casks, barrels or similar containers B67C9/00)

## Abstract

A method of unitizing a cargo of multiple substantially identical high density hay bales into multiple non-palletized units capable of being handled by a forklift truck or the like and fitted into shipping containers and utility vehicle cargo spaces comprises the steps of selecting a plurality of substantially identical high density bales of hay, arranging the plurality of bales of hay into selected size stacks of at least one layer of multiple horizontal rows, and wrapping multiple layers of an elongated continuous sheet of pre-stretched polymeric film having a memory horizontally around the plurality of bales of hay.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of unitizing and containerized shipping of a cargo consisting of multiple substantially identical high density bales of hay, comprising:
forming said bales into a plurality of non-palletized cargo units of selected different sizes which together fit the cargo space of a shipping container and are capable of being handled by a forklift truck, selected units of which alone or in combination fit motor vehicle cargo spaces, comprising the steps of:
selecting a plurality of substantially identical size and weight high density partially compressible bales of hay;
arranging said plurality of bales of hay into multiple stacks of a plurality of non-palletized cargo units of selected different sizes, each stack consisting of multiple coextensive layers of multiple horizontal rows having coextensive peripheral sides;
binding each of said multiple stacks into a non-palletized unit solely by the application of a continuous inward directed lateral force on the peripheral sides of said stack, thereby at least partially compressing each of said bales and forcing the vertical surfaces of the bales into partially interlocking binding engagement with laterally adjacent bales for holding them against vertical movement relative to one another, said application of a continuous lateral force carried out by the step of wrapping multiple layers of an elongated continuous sheet of pre-stretched polymeric film having a memory horizontally around the sides of said plurality of bales of hay, thereby forcing said bales into binding engagement with laterally adjacent bales for binding said stack as a unit without bottom engaging support while maintaining said bottom bale layer in place due to said partially interlocking of the vertical surfaces of the bales for support by direct engagement of said bottom surface on a pair of tines of a forklift truck without a pallet; and
loading selected combinations of said different size cargo units into said shipping container in a manner to substantially fill the cargo space therein so that said cargo units may be unloaded by directly engaging a bottom surface of each stack by forks of a forklift truck.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of wrapping includes selecting the sheet of film to have a thickness of from about one to three mil and stretching said film from between about 25% to 220%.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A method according to claim 2 wherein said step of wrapping includes applying the film to overlap top and bottom edges of said stack and is applied in from about five to about eight layers.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A method according to claim 3 wherein said stacks are arranged to have multiple layers of said multiple horizontal rows of bales.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A method according to claim 4 wherein said stacks have a top layer and a bottom layer and at least said top and said bottom layers are wrapped to have from about four to about ten layers of film around the peripheral sides thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A method according to claim 5 wherein the step of wrapping said sheet of film is carried out by carrying a roll of film around said stack by means of a rotating arm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

A method according to claim 5 wherein the step of wrapping said sheet of film is carried out by rotating said stack of bales while holding a roll of film one side of an axis of rotation of said stack.

### Claim 8

A method of densifying and non-palletized unitization of multiple bales of hay into multiple size cargo units for containerized shipping comprising:
selecting a plurality of standard bales of hay having a standard length;
selecting predetermined fixed weight positions of said plurality of bales of hay and forming each of said portions by compressing into a bale of said predetermined fixed weight and having a length less than one-half said standard length;
banding said compressed bale with spaced apart bands;
arranging said plurality of bales into at least two different size stacks of at least a first layer of multiple rows defining a periphery, said stacks having peripheral dimensions for taking in selected combinations for fitting into at least two different size cargo spaces;
binding said plurality of bales into a self-supporting unit solely by the application of a continuous inwardly directed lateral force on the peripheral sides of said stack, thereby at least partially compressing each of said bales and forcing vertical surfaces of the bales into partially interlocking binding engagement with laterally adjacent bales for holding them against vertical movement relative to one another, said application of a continuous lateral force carried out by the steps of selecting and wrapping multiple layers of a pre-stretched polymer film snugly around the periphery of each of said stacks of bales forming each into a cargo unit without bottom engaging support while maintaining said first layer in place due to said partially interlocking of the vertical surfaces of the bales for support by direct engagement of a bottom surface of said layer on a pair of tines of a forklift truck without a pallet; and
selectively fitting said cargo units into a standard cargo container in a manner to substantially fill the cargo space therein.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8 wherein said step of arranging said bales into a stack comprises arranging said bales into a plurality of said layers.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

A method according to claim 9 wherein said step of wrapping comprises applying from about four to about ten layers of said film.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A method according to claim 10 wherein the step of selecting said film comprises selecting said film to have a thickness of from about one to three mil and is stretched from between about 25% to 220%.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

A method according to claim 11 wherein said stack includes top and bottom layers and at least said top and said bottom layers have from about four to about ten layers of film around the periphery thereof.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8 wherein said arranging said plurality of bales into different size stacks includes forming said stacks having peripheral dimensions for taking in selected combinations for fitting into a shipping container and for taking individually for fitting a cargo space at a point of delivery.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8 wherein said selectively fitting said cargo units into a standard cargo container in a manner to substantially fill the cargo space therein includes selecting said units having peripheral dimensions taken from the group consisting of four feet by eight feet, five feet by eight feet, four feet by four feet, three feet by four feet, two feet by four feet and four feet by six feet.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

A method according to claim 14 wherein the selecting of said cargo units includes selecting said units to have a height of about four feet.

### Claim 16

A method of unitizing and containerized shipping of a cargo consisting of multiple substantially identical high density bales of hay, comprising the steps of:
selecting and forming a plurality of standard bales of hay into a plurality of substantially uniform size and weight high density bales of a length less than half that of the standard bales;
arranging said plurality of high density bales of hay into multiple stacks of multiple coextensive layers of multiple rows defining cargo units of selected different sizes, said cargo units sized so that together they fit the cargo space of a shipping container and so that selected units alone or in combination fit motor vehicle cargo spaces;
binding each of said multiple stacks into a non-palletized unit solely by the application of a continuous inward directed lateral force on the peripheral sides of said stack, thereby at least partially compressing each of said bales and forcing vertical surfaces of the bales into partially interlocking binding engagement with vertical surfaces laterally adjacent bales for holding them against vertical movement relative to one another, said application of a continuous lateral force comprising the step of wrapping multiple layers of an elongated continuous sheet of pre-stretched polymeric film having a memory horizontally around the sides of said plurality of bales of hay, thereby forcing said bales into binding engagement with laterally adjacent bales for binding said stack together as a unit without bottom engaging support while maintaining a bottom layer of said stack in place due to said partially interlocking of the vertical surfaces of the bales for support by direct engagement of a bottom surface of said bottom layer on a pair of tines of a forklift truck without a pallet; and
selecting and loading selected combinations of said different size cargo units into a cargo shipping container in a manner to substantially fill the cargo space therein.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

A method according to claim 16 wherein said step of selecting and forming a plurality of standard bales of hay into a plurality of substantially uniform size and weight high density bales includes selecting uniform portions from a series of broken bales and feeding said uniform portions through a press.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A method according to claim 17 wherein said step of arranging said bales into said stacks comprises arranging said bales into stacks of selected different sizes which together fit the cargo space of a shipping container and wherein selected stacks alone or in combination fit different size motor vehicle cargo spaces.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

A method according to claim 16 further comprising the step of cutting said high density bales into two first and second bales of about one-half a standard bale width.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

A method according to claim 16 further comprising the step of unloading said cargo units by means of a forklift truck.

### Claim 21 (depends on 16)

A method according to claim 16 wherein said selectively fitting said cargo units into a standard cargo container in a manner to substantially fill the cargo space therein includes selecting said units having peripheral dimensions taken from the group consisting of four feet by eight feet, five feet by eight feet, four feet by four feet, three feet by four feet, two feet by four feet and four feet by six feet.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

A method according to claim 20 wherein the selecting of said cargo units includes selecting said units to have a height of about four feet.