# US 5,342,091 A · Energy absorbing steering assembly > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,342,091 A - Document ID: US5342091A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/073,214 - Filed: 1993-06-07 - Granted: 1994-08-30 - Earliest claimed: 1992-07-29 - Assignees: The Torrington Company - Inventors: Michael T. Hancock - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5342091A ## CPC - B62D 1/192: {Yieldable or collapsible columns} - F16F 7/125: {Units with a telescopic-like action as one member moves into, or out of a second member (F16F7/124, F16F7/127, F16F7/128 take precedence)} - B62D: MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS (steering, or guiding on a desired track, of agricultural machines or implements A01B69/00; wheels, castors, axles, increasing wheel adhesion B60B; vehicle tyres, tyre inflation or tyre changing B60C; connections between vehicles of a train or the like B60D; vehicles for use on rail and road, amphibious or convertible vehicles B60F; suspension arrangements B60G; heating, cooling, ventilating or other air treating devices B60H; windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors or similar devices, protective coverings for vehicles not in use B60J; propulsion plant arrangements, auxiliary drives, transmissions, controls, instrumentation or dashboards B60K; electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L; power supply for electrically-propelled vehicles B60M; passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for B60N; adaptations for load transportation or to carry special loads or objects B60P; arrangement of signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor, for vehicles in general B60Q; vehicles, vehicle fittings or vehicle parts not otherwise provided for B60R; servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring, not otherwise provided for, B60S; brake arrangements, brake control systems or parts thereof B60T; air-cushion vehicles B60V; motor-cycles, accessories therefor B62J, B62K; testing of vehicles G01M) - F16F: SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION ## Abstract A vehicle crash energy absorbing mechanism incorporated in a steering column structure mountable to a breakaway mounting, the structure including an inner steering shaft which is drivably coupled by a splined arrangement to an outer shaft. The inner shaft has an energy absorption member in the form of a tube which surrounds a pin which is mounted diametrically through the inner shaft. A crash induced force on the column structure causes the outer shaft to be forced relatively towards the tube, thereby inducing an interaction between the pin and tube, the latter being deformed thereby to achieve the requisite energy absorption. In an alternative embodiment, the splined outer shaft itself acts as the absorption energy member, the pin deforming the splined arrangement. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An energy absorbing assembly comprising: a steering column structure mountable to a breakaway mounting, the steering column structure including an inner steering shaft and an outer shaft drivably coupled to the inner steering shaft and axially slidable with respect to the inner steering shaft; and an energy absorbing means for absorbing energy from crash induced forces on the steering column structure, the energy absorbing means being mounted on the inner steering shaft, the energy absorbing means comprising: a tube mounted about the inner steering shaft and a pin extending outward of the inner steering shaft, the pin having a length as to form an interference fit within an initial part of the tube, the pin being free floating within the inner steering shaft. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The energy absorbing assembly according to claim 1, wherein said initial part of the tube having diametrically opposite slots extending in the axial direction from the outer end of the tube. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The energy absorbing assembly according to claim 1, wherein the inner steering shaft and the outer shaft are drivably coupled to one another by a splined arrangement. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The energy absorbing assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pin is mounted diametrically through the inner steering shaft. ### Claim 5 An energy absorbing assembly comprising: a steering column structure mountable to a breakaway mounting, the steering column structure including an inner steering shaft and an outer shaft drivably coupled to the inner shaft by a splined arrangement and axially slidable with respect to the inner steering shaft, the inner steering shaft having an outwardly extending pin therein, the inner steering shaft being forced into the outer shaft in a crash situation, the pin deforming said splined arrangement thereby absorbing energy. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 5, further comprising: a sleeve about the inner steering shaft, the pin being held in place by the sleeve, the sleeve being urged clear of the pin by said outer shaft when it is forced towards the pin. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The energy absorbing assembly according to claim 5, wherein the pin is mounted diametrically through the inner steering shaft. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The energy absorbing assembly according to claim 5, wherein the pin is free floating within the inner steering shaft. ### Claim 9 A steering column energy absorbing mechanism for a vehicle comprising: a steering column structure attached to the vehicle by a breakaway mounting; the steering column structure including: an outer tubular steering shaft and an inner steering shaft drivably coupled to the outer tubular steering shaft by a splined arrangement, the inner steering shaft being axially slidable relative to the outer tubular steering shaft; a tubular energy absorption member mounted about the inner steering shaft, the tubular energy absorption member having a first end and a second end and a pair of diametrically opposed grooves on its inner surface, said grooves extending from said first end partway towards said second end; and a cross pin extending through the inner steering shaft, the cross pins engaging said grooves, the cross pin being free floating within the inner steering shaft, the tubular energy absorption mechanism being forced by the outer tubular steering shaft relative to said pin in a crash situation, the pin deforming the tubular energy absorption member. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The steering column energy absorbing mechanism according to claim 9, wherein a length of free travel is provided for the outer tubular steering shaft prior to the tubular energy absorption member being encountered.