# US 5,341,683 A · Dynamic rail longitudinal stress measuring system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,341,683 A - Document ID: US5341683A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/892,183 - Filed: 1992-06-02 - Granted: 1994-08-30 - Earliest claimed: 1992-06-02 - Inventors: Donald S. Searle - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5341683A ## CPC - G01N 29/11: by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves - G01N 29/043: {in the interior, e.g. by shear waves} - G01N 29/07: by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves - G01N 29/2412: {using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]; (investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents G01N27/90, magnetostrictive transducers B06B1/08, measuring magnetostrictive properties G01R33/18)} - G01N 29/2468: {Probes with delay lines} - G01N 29/2493: {Wheel shaped probes} - G01N 29/30: Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects - G01N 29/326: {compensating for temperature variations} - G01N 29/46: by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis {or wavelet analysis (spectral signal processing per se G06F17/14)} - G01N 2291/02854: Length, thickness - G01N 2291/0422: Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves - G01N 2291/044: Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects - G01N 2291/048: Transmission, i.e. analysed material between transmitter and receiver - G01N 2291/103: one emitter, two or more receivers - G01N 2291/262: Linear objects - G01N 2291/2623: Rails; Railroads - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) ## Abstract A system and method for dynamically and non-destructively measuring the longitudinal stresses in a rail of a continuous rail track includes an ultrasonic transmitter which transmits coded focused shear pulses through a rail which are subsequently received by a linear array of sensors. A displacer adjusts the separation between the transmitter and the sensors to maximize the signal intensity received by a centrally located one of the sensors. A data processor, in conjunction with a rail height detector, a rail temperature detector, and a rail splice detector, dynamically determines the longitudinal stresses in the rail as a function of the velocity of propagation of the pulses, the stress free temperature (SFT) of the rail, and activates a rail marker to mark portions of the rail having unacceptable longitudinal stresses. Stress and related data is recorded on a data log. A video camera provides observed rail separation data to the data processor. A modified embodiment alters the angle of incidence of the transmitted pulses to adjust for changes in velocity of propagation caused by changes in longitudinal stress. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for dynamically measuring the longitudinal stress in a continuous rail constructed from rail sections connected in an end-to-end configuration and having a boundary, comprising: (a) transmitter means transmitting an ultrasonic pulse into said rail to cause propagation through said rail in a longitudinal direction thereof; (b) receiver means receiving said ultrasonic pulse after propagation through said rail in a propagation path; (c) path measuring means connected to said receiver means and operative to measure a path variation in said path from a reference propagation path; and (d) processor means connected to said path measuring means and operative to evaluate a longitudinal stress in said rail from said path variation of said rail. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: (a) said path variation includes a variation in an angle of refraction of said pulse as said pulse is propagated into the rail. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: (a) said path variation includes a variation in an angle of incidence of said pulse as said pulse is transmitted into the rail. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: (a) said transmitter means transmits a plurality of said pulses which are spaced generally uniformly along the rail. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: (a) said pulse transmitted into the rail has an angle of refraction between approximately 35.degree. and 85.degree.. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: (a) said pulse transmitted into the rail has an angle of refraction of approximately 70.degree.. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) noise suppressing means for suppressing extraneous ultrasonic energy from said pulse received by said receiver means. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: (a) said noise suppressing means includes means for impressing a code on said pulse. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: (a) said receiving means include a plurality of sensors arranged in a linear array generally aligned with the rail; and (b) said sensors include a central sensor and non-central sensors such that the central sensor is spaced centrally to the non-central sensors. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus according to claim 9, including: (a) said noise suppressing means includes means for impressing a code on said pulse; and (b) a plurality of electronic filters, one for each of said sensors, said filters adapted to accept said coded pulse and to reject noise components therewith. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The apparatus according to claim 9, including: (a) comparator means adapted to compare relative amplitudes of said pulses received by said sensors. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus according to claim 11, including: (a) a displacer connected to said transmitter means and said sensors of said receiver means, said displacer adapted to adjust the displacement between said transmitter means and said sensors such that the amplitude of said pulse received by said central sensor is greater than the intensity received by any of said non-central sensors. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus according to claim 12, including: (a) a displacement encoder connected to said displacer and said processor means, said displacement encoder adapted to convey changes in said displacement between said transmitter means and said sensors to said processor means. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) a site identifier connected to said transmitter means and said processor means, said site identifier adapted to identify the site along the rail at which said pulse is transmitted into the rail. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) a rail height detector connected to said processor means, said rail height detector adapted to dynamically determine the vertical height of the rail and to convey data corresponding to said height to said processor means. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein: (a) said rail height detector includes an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) a temperature detector connected to said processor means, said temperature detector adapted to dynamically and remotely measure the temperature of the rail. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein: (a) said temperature detector utilizes infrared techniques to measure said temperature of the rail. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) a rail marker connected to said processor means, said rail marker adapted to selectively mark the rail. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, including: (a) a boundary detector connected to said processor means, said boundary detector adapted to detect the boundary between adjacently spaced rail sections. ### Claim 21 A method for dynamically measuring the longitudinal stress in a continuous rail constructed from rail sections connected in an end-to-end configuration and having a boundary, said method comprising the steps of: (a) transmitting an ultrasonic pulse into said rail to cause propagation through said rail in a longitudinal direction thereof; (b) receiving said ultrasonic pulse after propagation through said rail in a propagation path; (c) measuring a path variation in said path from a reference propagation path; and (d) evaluating a longitudinal stress in said rail from said path variation of said rail.