# US 5,331,286 A · Method for continuously monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on underground metal structures, and devices for its implementation

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- Number: US 5,331,286 A
- Document ID: US5331286A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/065,520
- Filed: 1993-05-20
- Granted: 1994-07-19
- Earliest claimed: 1989-08-01
- Assignees: Eniricerche S.p.A.
- Inventors: Luigi Rivola; Sebastiano Di Liberto
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5331286A

## CPC

- C23F 13/04: Controlling or regulating desired parameters
- G01R 27/18: Measuring resistance to earth {, i.e. line to ground}
- C23F: NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE (working metal by laser beams B23K26/00; desurfacing by applying flames B23K7/00; working of metal by electro-erosion B23H; producing decorative effects by removing surface material, e.g. by engraving, by etching, B44C1/22; electrolytic etching or polishing C25F); INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)

## Abstract

A method for monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on underground metal structures subjected to cathodic protection, based on the electrical resistance offered by said covering, and consisting of modulating the imposed cathodic protection current and measuring the corresponding variation in potential due to the ohmic drop, said resistance being obtained from the ratio of the variation in potential to the modulation current.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for continuously monitoring the soundness of a protective covering on an underground or immersed metal conduit subjected to cathodic protection, comprising:
a. modulating the cathodic protection current applied to the conduit with substantially square waves, wherein said modulation is effected symmetrically at a level of modulation below 10%;
b. directly measuring the potential variation due to the ohmic drop .DELTA.V* induced in the conduit by said applied modulation current I*; and
c. determining the resistance offered by the covering by the relationship R=.DELTA.V*/I*, wherein the monitoring is effected continuously by permanently modulating the cathodic protection current imposed on the conduit and wherein the resistance is measured with the IR drop so that changes in the soundness of the protective covering of the conduit can be detected.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A method for continuously monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on a metal conduit as recited in claim 1, wherein the monitoring is effected continuously by permanently modulating the cathodic protection current imposed on the conduit.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A method for continuously monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on a metal conduit as recited in claim 2, wherein the current modulation is effected symmetrically at a level of modulation below 10%.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A method for continuously monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on a metal conduit as recited in claim 3, wherein the modulation frequency is less than 100 Hz and preferably between 0.05 Hz and 1 Hz, the ratio of the two half periods being between 0.001 and 1000 and preferably between 0.1 and 10.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A method for continuously monitoring the soundness of the protective covering on a metal conduit as recited in claim 4, wherein the measurement accuracy is maintained substantially constant with variations in the state of the covering with time by varying the level of modulation of the imposed cathodic protection current.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said level of modulation is between 0.5% and 5%.