# US 5,329,902 A · Cylinder fuel injection type two-cycle internal combustion engine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,329,902 A - Document ID: US5329902A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/012,311 - Filed: 1993-02-02 - Granted: 1994-07-19 - Earliest claimed: 1991-02-02 - Assignees: Sanshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha - Inventors: Osamu Sakamoto; Chitoshi Saito; Seiichi Nishimura - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5329902A ## CPC - F02M 51/0678: {all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions} - F02B 23/101: {the injector being placed on or close to the cylinder centre axis, e.g. with mixture formation using spray guided concepts} - F02B 25/14: using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke - F02B 33/04: with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase - F02B 75/16: Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines (F02B75/26 takes precedence) - F02M 51/0675: {the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages} - F02M 61/1853: {Orifice plates} - F02M 69/045: {for injecting into the combustion chamber (F02M69/046 takes precedence)} - F02B 61/045: {for marine engines} - F02B 2075/025: {two} - F02B 2075/125: {Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber} - Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract Embodiments of two-cycle crankcase compression direct injected internal combustion engines that permit good firing and effective stratification, particularly at low speed, low load conditions. The engine defines a combustion chamber having a recess with a projection extending into the center of the recess and against which fuel is injected by a fuel injector as the piston approaches top dead center at idle. The spark plug firing is initiated prior to completion of the fuel injection. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A direct injected internal combustion engine having a pair of relatively movable components defining a variable volume combustion chamber, one of said components defining a recessed area with a projection extending generally centrally into and spaced from the periphery of said recessed area, said recessed area forming a substantial portion of the volume of said chamber when said components are in such a relative position that the chamber is at its minimum volume condition, fuel injection means mounted within the other of said components and disposed so that fuel issuing therefrom will impinge upon said projection as said components approach said minimum volume condition, a spark plug having its gap disposed contiguous to said recess when said components are in their minimum volume condition, means for initiating injection of fuel as said components approach said minimum volume condition under low speed, low load conditions, and means for firing said spark plug when said fuel injection means is injecting fuel. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 further including portion means formed in the other of the components for admitting a charge to the chamber and for exhausting a charge from the chamber. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 2 wherein the engine operates on a two-cycle principle. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 3 wherein the duration of firing of the spark plug is extended so as to terminate after the fuel injection is terminated. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein the engine is a reciprocating engine and one of the components comprises a piston and the other of the components comprises a cylinder block, cylinder head assembly. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 5 wherein the component defining the recessed area comprises the piston and the other component comprises the cylinder head, cylinder block assembly. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 6 further including scavenge port means in the cylinder block for admitting a charge to the chamber and exhaust port means in the cylinder block for discharging a burnt charge. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 7 wherein the projection lies between a pair of planes extending between the side edges of a scavenge port and an exhaust port. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein the scavenge port means further includes a pair of scavenge ports disposed on opposite sides of the scavenge port and toward the exhaust port. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein the spark plug is also positioned between the planes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 10 wherein the spark plug is positioned closer to the exhaust port than the projection. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein the fuel injector is also disposed between the planes. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 12 wherein the spark plug is also positioned between the planes. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 13 wherein the scavenge port means further includes a pair of scavenge ports disposed on opposite sides of the scavenge port and toward the exhaust port. ### Claim 15 (depends on 7) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 7 wherein the scavenge port means and the exhaust port means are configured to provide loop type scavenging. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 15 wherein the projection lies between a pair of planes extending between the side edges of a scavenge port and an exhaust port. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 16 wherein the scavenge port means further includes a pair of scavenge ports disposed on opposite sides of the scavenge port and toward the exhaust port. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 16 wherein the spark plug is also positioned between the planes. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 18 wherein the spark plug is positioned closer to the exhaust port than the projection. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 16 wherein the fuel injector is also disposed between the planes. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 20 wherein the spark plug is also positioned between the planes. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 21 wherein the scavenge port means further includes a pair of scavenge ports disposed on opposite sides of the scavenge port and toward the exhaust port. ### Claim 23 (depends on 15) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 15 wherein the duration of firing of the spark plug is extended so as to terminate after the fuel injection is terminated. ### Claim 24 (depends on 6) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 6 wherein the recessed area is formed centrally of the head of the piston. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 24 wherein the engine operates on a two-cycle principle. ### Claim 26 (depends on 6) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 6 wherein the recessed area is formed centrally of the head of the piston. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) A direct injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 26 wherein the engine operates on a two-cycle principle. ### Claim 28 A method of operating a direct injected internal combustion engine having a pair of relatively movable components defining a variable volume combustion chamber, one of said components defining a recessed area with a projection extending generally centrally into and spaced from the periphery of said recessed area, said recessed area forming a substantial portion of the volume of said chamber when said components are in such a relative position that the chamber is at its minimum volume condition, fuel injection means mounted within the other of said components and disposed so that fuel issuing therefrom will impinge upon said projection as said components approach said minimum volume condition, a spark plug having its gap disposed contiguous to said recess when said components are in their minimum volume condition, said method comprising the steps of initiating injection of fuel as said components approach said minimum volume condition under low speed, low load conditions, and firing said spark plug when said fuel injection means is injecting fuel. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) A method as set forth in claim 28 further including porting means formed in the other of the components for admitting a charge to the chamber and for exhausting a charge from the chamber. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) A method as set forth in claim 29 wherein the engine is operated on a two-cycle principle. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) A method as set forth in claim 30 wherein the duration of firing of the spark plug is extended so as to terminate after the fuel injection is terminated. ### Claim 32 (depends on 28) A method as set forth in claim 28 wherein the engine is a reciprocating engine and one of the components comprises a piston and the other of the components comprises a cylinder block cylinder head assembly. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) A method as set forth in claim 32 wherein the component defining the recessed area comprises the piston and the other component comprises the cylinder head cylinder block assembly. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) A method as set forth in claim 33 further including scavenge port means in the cylinder block for admitting a charge to the chamber and exhaust port means in the cylinder block for discharging a burnt charge. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) A method as set forth in claim 34 wherein the scavenge port means and the exhaust port means are configured to provide loop type scavenging. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) A method as set forth in claim 35 wherein the duration of firing of the spark plug is extended so as to terminate after the fuel injection is terminated.