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AssigneeChromatics Color Sciences International, Inc.
InventorsDarby S. MacFarlane, David K. MacFarlane, Fred W. Billmeyer
Estimating the term…
Skin coloration categories are identified based upon blue and yellow undertones of the skin using a color measuring device, developing the Hunter b value, utilizing that value alone to determine which of several categories of skin coloration a subject's skin exhibits. Category selection is made by comparison of measured Hunter b with ranges of Hunter b value of skin color categories. Instrumentation to effect the method includes the color measuring device, a central processing unit (CPU), memory storing the ranges of Hunter b, and an output device such as a printer, LCD, or CRT. The skin color Hunter b is calculated and compared to stored ranges to assign a category. The output device displays the category of skin color based upon the central processing unit's comparison. Colors compatible with skin color categories are identified or formulated based upon broad color family designation, yellow, brown, red, etc., and a comparison of measured and stored ranges of known or specially developed color characteristics for the particular family.
The process of identifying skin color categories for compatibility with colors of non-skin materials based on skin color undertones of an individual person including the steps of determining the value of a yellow-blue factor of the skin color of the individual person using a color measuring device, the yellow-blue factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum, and a weighting term that is a function of the lightness of the color and that decreases the value of the yellow-blue factor with increasing lightness, classifying the skin color of the individual person into one of plural categories of skin color in dependence upon the location of the determined value in one of plural value numerical ranges defining said categories, and selecting as compatible with the skin color of the individual person one or more preselected colors assigned to said categories.
An instrument for identifying skin color categories compatible with particular sets of colors including means for determining the value of a yellow-blue factor of an individual person's skin color, the yellow-blue factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum, and a weighting term that is a function of the lightness of the color and that decreases the value of the yellow-blue factor with increasing lightness, means for storing plural predetermined ranges of the yellow-blue factor values corresponding to plural skin color categories, means for comparing the determined yellow-blue factor value of the individual person's skin color to the stored ranges, and means for producing an output indicative of the category corresponding to the stored range wherein the determined value lies.
The process of determining color compatibility in non-skin matter with one or more categories of skin color including identifying the color family of the matter, selecting at least one color characteristic predetermined to determine compatibility in the identified color family of the non-skin matter, measuring color values of the non-skin matter, calculating the at least one characteristic from the measured values, comparing the at least one characteristic with predetermined ranges of that characteristic corresponding to colors in that family of colors compatible with one or more of the categories of skin color.
An instrument for determining color compatibility in non-skin matter with one or more categories of skin color including a color measuring device, a central processing unit, memory, output means for indicating the one or more compatible categories of skin color, and means for identifying the family of colors of the object, said central processing unit including means for selecting at least one characteristic of the matter's color in dependence upon the family identified by the color family identifying means, means for calculating the at least one selected characteristic, and means for comparing the calculated selected characteristic with ranges of that characteristic corresponding to one or more compatible skin color categories.
A method of identifying compatible skin and non-skin matter colors including assigning categories of skin coloration based on ranges of values of a yellow-blue factor of skin color, the yellow-blue factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum and a weighting function of the lightness of the color that decreases the value of the yellow-blue factor with increasing lightness, determining skin coloration ranges based upon the yellow-blue factor for compatibility with non-skin matter, and assigning non-skin matters to categories of colors of non-skin matter, each compatible to one of the skin coloration categories, based on ranges of at least one objectively ascertainable color factor.
The process of identifying skin color categories for compatibility with colors of non-skin materials including the steps of determining at least one boundary between at least one category greater in yellow content and at least one category greater in blue content of skin coloration, storing in computer memory a color measurement factor value defining the boundary, measuring the value of said factor for skin coloration of an individual person based at least in part on yellow and blue content of said coloration, assigning to the individual person a skin color category in dependence upon the relationship of the measured value of skin coloration with respect to the boundary defining value.
The process of identifying the skin color categories of an individual comprising the steps of measuring and establishing skin coloration categories based on blue and yellow content, including providing at least one boundary dividing an increasingly yellow content of skin coloration region from an increasing blue content region, measuring by instrument at least one skin coloration characteristic value of an individual person sufficient to locate the skin coloration of the individual in one of the categories thus established.
An instrument for identifying skin coloration categories based on blue and yellow content comprising means for retaining identification of at least one boundary between skin coloration categories dividing regions increasingly yellow in skin color content and increasingly blue in skin color content, means for measuring an individual person's skin coloration based on blue and yellow content, and means for assigning the measured coloration of an individual person's skin to a category defined by the means for retaining boundary identification.
The process of providing color compatibility in non-skin matter with one or more categories of skin color including identifying the color family desired for the matter, selecting at least one color characteristic predetermined to determine compatibility in the identified color family of the non-skin matter, measuring color values of a coloring formulation of the non-skin matter, calculating the at least one characteristic from the measured values, comparing the at least one characteristic with a predetermined range of that characteristic corresponding to colors in that family of colors compatible with one or more of the categories of skin color, and when the at least one characteristic is outside of the predetermined range, adjusting the content of a blue or yellow color adjusting constituent in the coloring formulation until the at least one color characteristic is in the predetermined range.
The method of determining a coloring formulation for a non-skin matter including providing color compatibility categories exclusively on the basis of skin color content in the bluer and yellower regions of the spectrum, providing in the formulation an amount of at least one of a constituent colorant sufficient to place non-skin matter colored by the coloring formulation in a range of at least one characteristic predetermined to effect compatibility of the non-skin matter color and at least one desired category of skin color.
A color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A swatch pack of fabric samples assembled for association with one category of skin coloration and including fabrics of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A swatch pack of fabric samples assembled for association with one category of skin coloration and including fabrics of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A swatch pack of fabric samples assembled for association with one category of skin coloration and including fabrics of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A swatch pack of fabric samples assembled for association with one category of skin coloration and including fabrics of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A cosmetic color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A cosmetic color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A cosmetic color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A cosmetic color chart having a region associated with one category of skin coloration and including representations of at least a plurality of the following colors:
A cosmetic foundation color chart having at least two regions associated with at least two skin color classification and skin darkness designations based upon Hunter L values less than 40 for a dark skin designation, less than 50 for a medium dark skin designation, less than 59 for a medium skin designation, and greater than or equal to 59 for a light skin designation, and brown and beige color representations having Hunter b less than or equal to 12 for dark skin in one of the regions and Hunter b greater than 12 for the dark skin designation in another of the regions, Hunter b less than or equal to 12.3 for the medium dark skin designation in the one region, and Hunter b greater than 12.3 for the medium dark skin designation in the other region, Hunter b less than or equal to 12.5 for the medium skin designation in the one region and Hunter b greater than 12.5 for the medium skin designation in the other region, and Hunter b less than or equal to 12.8 for the light skin designation in the one region and Hunter b greater than 12.8 for the light skin designation in the other region.
A method of making a color chart, having representations of colors assigned for compatibility to several categories of skin coloration encompassing the entire human community, including providing said several categories of skin coloration based exclusively upon skin color content in the bluer to yellower regions of the spectrum, and assigning each color representation to one of said categories based upon a measured color characteristic predetermined to establish compatibility of the color representation in one of the categories.
The process of identifying skin color categories based on skin color undertones of an individual person comprising the steps of determining at least the value of a yellow-blue factor of the skin color of an individual person using a color measuring device, the yellow-blue factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum, and a weighting term that is a function of the lightness of the color and that decreases the value of the yellow-blue factor with increasing lightness, classifying the skin color of the individual person into one of plural categories of skin color in dependence upon the location of the determined value in one of plural numerical value ranges defining said categories.
The processing of categorizing the color of a non-skin material, composition or item including the steps of determining at least the value of a yellow-blue factor of the color of the material, composition or item using a color measuring device, the yellow-blue factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum, and a term that is a function of the lightness of the color and that decreases the value of the yellow-blue factor with increasing lightness, classifying the color of the non-skin material, composition, or item into one of plural categories of color in dependence upon the location of the determined value in one of plural value numerical ranges defining said categories.
The process of identifying the skin color categories of an individual comprising the steps of measuring and establishing skin coloration categories based on content of a first color and a second color, including providing at least one boundary dividing a region of increased first color content of skin coloration from a region of increased second color content of skin coloration, measuring by instrument at least one skin coloration characteristic value of an individual person sufficient to locate the skin coloration of the individual in one of the categories thus established.
An instrument for identifying skin coloration categories based on first color and second color content comprising means for retaining identification of at least one boundary between skin coloration categories dividing regions increasingly of the first color in skin color content and increasingly of the second color in skin color content, means for measuring an individual person's skin coloration based on the first and second color content, and means for assigning the measured coloration of an individual person's skin to a category defined by the means for retaining boundary identification.
The process of identifying skin color categories based on skin color undertones of an individual person comprising the steps of determining at least the value of a color factor dependent on the relative content of two colors in the skin color of an individual person using a color measuring device, the color factor comprising a first function weighted in a first portion of the spectrum, a second function weighted in a second portion of the spectrum, and a weighting term that is a function of the lightness of the color and that decreases the value of the color factor with increasing lightness, classifying the skin color of the individual person into one of plural categories of skin color in dependence upon the location of the determined value in one of plural numerical value ranges defining said categories.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.