Automatic focusing and astigmatism correction for electron beam apparatus

A method of automatically accomplishing focusing and astigmatism correction in an electron beam apparatus having an objective lens, a condenser leans for sharply focusing an electron beam directed to a surface of a specimen, deflecting means for scanning the electron beam in two dimensions in the x- and y-directions, and an astigmatism corrector disposed in the electron beam path, said method comprising the steps of:

• scanning the electron beam horizontally on the specimen and shifting the scanning line vertically to scan the specimen in the two dimensions;
• detecting electrons produced from the specimen by a detector and integrating an output signal from the detector by an integrator;
• repeating the scan of the electron beam with different intensities of excitation of the objective lens;
• and
• finding a curve representing variations in an output signal form the integrator caused by variations in the intensity of excitation of the objective lens;
• wherein if the curve has two peaks, the intensity of excitation of the objective lens is adjusted to a positions midway between the two peaks, and then an astigmatism correction is made;
• and wherein if only one peak is found in the curve, the electron beam is scanned vertically, the vertical scanning line is shifted horizontally to scan the specimen in the two dimensions, the electrons produced from the specimen in response to the scan are detected by the detector, the output signal from the detector is integrated, the scan is repeated with different intensities of excitation of the objective lens, a curve representing variations in the output signal from the integrator caused by variations in the intensity of excitation of the objective lens is found, the intensity of excitation of the objective lens is adjusted to a position midway between the peak of this curve and the peak of the curve already obtained by the previous tow-dimensional scan of the beam, and then an astigmatism correction is made.