Liquid crystal apparatus including panel having plural bent layers of liquid crystal molecules

A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising:

• (a) a liquid crystal panel having a longitudinal direction and a plurality of peripheral sides in parallel with the longitudinal direction, and comprising a pair of substrates each provided with a uniaxial alignment axis and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the substrates and forming plural layers of liquid crystal molecules, said plural layers of liquid crystal molecules being aligned in parallel with each other so that projections of the plural layers onto the substrates have a common normal which is substantially in parallel with the uniaxial alignment axis provided to the substrates, each of said plural layers being bent in an identical shape and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules forming a pre-tilt angle of at least 5 degrees with an adjacent one of the substrates, and each of said plural layers forming an obtuse angle with an adjacent one of the substrates in a direction identical to a direction for measuring the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the substrate raising their heads from the substrate;
• and
• (b) panel supporting means for supporting said liquid crystal panel having two fixing axes which extend in parallel with the longitudinal direction of said liquid crystal panel and fix the peripheral sides of said liquid crystal panel, the fixing axes forming an intersection angle .theta..sub.1 in the range of 0-25 degrees with said common normal.

A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising:

• (a) a liquid crystal panel having a longitudinal direction and peripheral sides in parallel with the longitudinal direction, and comprising a pair of substrates, at least one of which is provided with an alignment axis in one direction, and a liquid crystal in chiral smectic C phase disposed between the substrates and forming plural molecular layers each comprising a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and being bent in an identical shape between the substrates, and each of said plural layers forming an obtuse angle with an adjacent one of the substrates in a direction identical to a direction for measuring the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the substrate raising their heads from the substrate;
• (b) panel supporting means for supporting said liquid crystal panel having two fixing axes which extend in parallel with the longitudinal direction of said liquid crystal panel, the fixing axes forming an intersection angle .theta..sub.1 in a range of 0 to 25 degrees with said alignment axis in one direction;
• and
• (c) driving means for driving the liquid crystal panel in a multiplex manner.