Poly(maleic anhydride) copolymers with side chains exhibiting nonlinear optical response
AssigneeHoechst Celanese Corporation
InventorsIain McCulloch, Thomas M. Leslie
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Abstract
In one embodiment this invention provides poly(maleic anhydride) side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical susceptibility and which can be formed into crack-free thin film waveguiding media. An invention copolymer is illustrated by the recurring structure: ##STR1## The side chain chromophores can be oriented by an external field to form a noncentrosymmetric thin film which exhibits second order nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Claims25
A copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR11## wherein m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- D is --O-- or --NH--;
- and Y is a pendant organic side chain containing a conjugated structure and an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2, and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, such that the D--Y-electron-withdrawing moiety exhibits nonlinear optical susceptibility.
A crosslinked copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR12## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- D is --O-- or --NH--;
- and Y is a pendant organic side chain containing a conjugated structure and an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2, and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, such that the D--Y-electron-withdrawing moiety exhibits nonlinear optical susceptibility;
- and L is a crosslinking branch which has a chain length of between about 2-20 atoms.
A copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR13## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- n is an integer with a value of 2-10;
- n.sup.1 is an integer with a value of 0-2;
- X is an electron-donating group selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --NR.sup.2 --, with R.sup.2 being hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituent,;
- and Z is an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2 and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3.
A copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR14## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- n is an integer with a value of 2-10;
- X is an electron-donating group selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --NR.sup.2 --, with R.sup.2 being hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituent,;
- and Z is an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2, and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, and CF.sub.3.
An optical medium comprising a thin film of a copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR15## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- D is --O--, --NH--;
- and Y is a pendant organic side chain containing a conjugated structure and an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2, and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, such that the D--Y-electron-withdrawing moiety exhibits nonlinear optical susceptibility.
An optical medium comprising a thin film of a crosslinked copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR16## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- D is --O-- or --NH--;
- and Y is a pendant organic side chain containing a conjugated structure and an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2, and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, such that the D--Y-electron-withdrawing moiety exhibits nonlinear optical susceptibility;
- and L is a crosslinking branch which has a chain length of between about 2-20 atoms.
An optical medium comprising a thin film of a copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR17## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- n is an integer with a value of 2-10;
- n.sup.1 is an integer with a value of 0-2;
- X is an electron-donating group selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --NR.sup.2 --, with R.sup.2 being hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituent,;
- and Z is an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, --CH.dbd.C(CN).sub.2, --C(CN).dbd.C(CN).sub.2 and --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3.
An optical medium comprising a thin film of a copolymer which is characterized by recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula:
- ##STR18## where m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 are integers which total at least 10, and the m.sup.1 monomer comprises between about 10-90 mole percent of the total m.sup.1 +m.sup.2 monomeric units;
- R is a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl substituent;
- R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aromatic substituent;
- n is an integer with a value of 2-10;
- X is an electron-donating group selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --NR.sup.2 --, with R.sup.2 being hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituent,;
- and Z is an electron-withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --CN, and CF.sub.3.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.