Monofluorophosphate for calcium carbonate scale control and iron and manganese stabilization

Abstract

Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate (Na.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F), when added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, significantly reduce the amount of calcium carbonate scale which is formed on heat exchange and other metallic surfaces of such systems. Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L also stabilizes soluble manganese ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily MnO.sub.2, in desirable forms and reduced particle sizes. Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 1 mg/L and 500 mg/L also stabilizes soluble iron ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.