# US 5,140,329 A · Trajectory analysis radar system for artillery piece

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- Number: US 5,140,329 A
- Document ID: US5140329A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/690,719
- Filed: 1991-04-24
- Granted: 1992-08-18
- Earliest claimed: 1991-04-24
- Assignees: Lear Astronics Corporation
- Inventors: Jeffrey D. Maughan; Yair Alon; Bao Nguyen; Dominique Armal
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5140329A

## CPC

- G01S 13/582: {adapted for simultaneous range and velocity measurements}
- F41G 3/142: {based on observation of a first shoot; using a simulated shoot (training F41G3/26)}
- G01S 7/4004: {of parts of a radar system}
- G01S 13/723: {by using numerical data}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- F41G: WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING (optical aspects thereof G02B)

## Abstract

A low cost easily deployed, yet highly accurate weapon mounted trajectory analysis radar system uses optimized Doppler radar signals to detect the actual trajectory of a projectile fired from an artillery piece such as a 155 mm Howitzer. The actual trajectory data is used to determine an atmospheric model that may be used to aim the weapon for future firings. The system includes a Doppler radar system having a turret mounted antenna that tracks the projectile, a digital signal processor using a FFT to convert radar pulses to trajectory data and a data processing system that analyzes the trajectory data to develop a true atmospheric model.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A trajectory analysis radar system comprising:
a radar antenna disposed proximate a gun barrel to track a projectile fired from the barrel along an actual trajectory of motion;
a radar transmitter coupled to communicate a sequence of radar signal pulses to the antenna after the projectile is fired from the gun barrel and at least until the projectile reaches a zenith in the trajectory of motion;
a radar receiver coupled to receive from the antenna radar signals reflected from the projectile and generate signals indicative of the position and velocity of the projectile;
a signal processor coupled to receive the position and velocity indicative signals from the radar receiver and generate position and velocity data for each of a plurality of different points along the trajectory of motion of the projectile; and
a data processor coupled to receive the position and velocity information from the signal processor and using the received information to update atmospheric tables for use in a subsequent firing.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A trajectory analysis radar system according to claim 1 wherein the radar receiver is a Doppler effect type of receiver.

### Claim 3

A trajectory analysis radar system comprising:
a radar antenna disposed proximate a gun barrel to track a projectile fired from the barrel along an actual trajectory of motion;
a radar transmitter coupled to communicate a sequence of radar signal pulses to the antenna after the projectile is fired from the gun barrel and at least until the projectile reaches a zenith in the trajectory of motion;
a radar receiver coupled to receive from the antenna radar signals reflected from the projectile and generate signals indicative of the position and velocity of the projectile;
a signal processor coupled to receive the position and velocity indicative signals from the radar receiver and generate position and velocity data for each of a plurality of different points along the trajectory of motion of the projectile; and
a data processor coupled to receive the position and velocity information form the signal processor and using the received information to update atmospheric tables for use in a subsequent firing, the data processor assuming a current atmospheric model and repeatedly calculating a derived trajectory using the current analytical model, deriving error values representing differences between the actual trajectory and the derived trajectory, and using the error values to correct the current atmospheric model to cause the current atmospheric model to converge toward an accurate representation of atmospheric conditions down range of the antenna.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A trajectory analysis radar system according to claim 1 wherein the entire radar system is mounted on a weapon firing the projectile.

### Claim 5

A trajectory analysis radar system for analyzing a trajectory of a projectile fired from a gun at a firing position, the system comprising:
a radar system having an antenna mounted on the gun, the radar system tracking at least a portion of the trajectory of the projectile and generating information representing the tracked trajectory portion;
a signal processing system receiving the trajectory representing information generated by the radar system and converting said information to numeric coordinate data representing the trajectory of the projectile; and
a data processing system coupled to receive the numeric coordinate data from the signal processing system and generate in response thereto an atmospheric model accurately representing atmospheric conditions through which the trajectory of the projectile passes.

### Claim 6

A mobile weapon comprising:
a gun firing a projectile through a trajectory;
a radar system mounted on the weapon and generating radar data representing the actual trajectory of the projectile;
a signal processing system mounted on the weapon, the signal processing system receiving the radar data and converting the radar data to coordinate based numeric data representing the trajectory of the projectile; and
a fire control data processor mounted on the weapon and receiving the coordinate based numeric data from the signal processing system, the fire control data processor analyzing the coordinate based numeric data to generate in response thereto an atmospheric model representing atmospheric conditions along the trajectory of the projectile.

### Claim 7

A mobile weapon comprising:
a gun firing a projectile through a trajectory;
a radar system mounted on the weapon and generating radar data representing the actual trajectory of the projectile;
a signal processing system mounted on the weapon, the signal processing system receiving the radar data and converting the radar data to coordinate based numeric data representing the trajectory of the projectile; and
a fire control data processor mounted on the weapon and receiving the coordinate based numeric data from the signal processing system, the fire control data processor analyzing the coordinate based numeric data to generate in response thereto an atmospheric model representing atmospheric conditions along the trajectory of the projectile, the fire control data processor including means for establishing a current set of atmospheric parameters and then repeatedly generating a derived trajectory, determining error differences between the actual trajectory and the derived trajectory, and using the error differences to update the current set of atmospheric parameters until the current set of atmospheric parameters converges to a model that accurately represents actual atmospheric conditions.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A mobile weapon according to claim 7 wherein the establishing means uses a down range component of projectile position and velocity error to generate a correction value for a down range component of wind velocity, uses a cross range component of projectile position and velocity error to generate a correction value for a cross range component of wind velocity and uses an elevation component of position and velocity error to generate a correction value for air density.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A mobile weapon according to claim 8 wherein said atmospheric model represents components of down range and cross range wind and air density at a plurality of different elevation levels separated by no more than 1000 foot elevation intervals.

### Claim 10

A method of deriving a true atmospheric model using an actual projectile trajectory comprising the steps of:
establishing a current atmospheric model;
deriving a trajectory of the projectile based upon the current atmospheric model;
determining error differences between the actual projectile trajectory and the derived trajectory; and
correcting the current atmospheric model in response to the determined error differences so as to tend to reduce the error differences between a derived trajectory based upon the current atmospheric model and the actual projectile trajectory.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A method of deriving a true atmospheric model according to claim 10 further comprising the step of repeating the steps of deriving, determining and correcting until the current atmospheric model represents actual atmospheric conditions with a desired accuracy.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

A method of deriving a true atmospheric model according to claim 11 wherein the steps of deriving, determining and correcting are repeated exactly once.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

A method of deriving a true atmospheric model according to claim 10 wherein the atmospheric model represents down range and cross range wind velocity and air density at elevation intervals no greater than 1000 feet.

### Claim 14

A method of firing a gun of a weapon system comprising the steps of:
firing an initial round of a projectile;
tracking the initial round with a radar system mounted on the weapon system to determine an actual trajectory of the initial round;
determining in response to the actual trajectory an atmospheric model representing atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of the weapon system;
aiming a gun of the weapon system in response to the determined atmospheric model; and
firing at least one round from the gun that is aimed in response to the determined atmospheric model.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

A method of firing according to claim 14 wherein the determining step further includes the steps
establishing a current atmospheric model;
calculating a projectile trajectory using the atmospheric model;
determining error differences between the actual trajectory and the calculated trajectory; and
correcting the current atmospheric model in response to the error differences to tend to cause the current atmospheric model to more accurately represent actual atmospheric conditions encountered by the initial round of a projectile.

### Claim 16

A mobile weapon comprising:
a gun firing a projectile through a trajectory;
a radar system mounted on the weapon and generating radar data representing the actual trajectory of the projectile;
a signal processing system mounted on the weapon, the signal processing system receiving the radar data and converting the radar data to coordinate based numeric data representing the trajectory of the projectile; and
a fire control data processor mounted on the weapon and receiving the coordinate based numeric data from the signal processing system, the fire control data processor analyzing the coordinate based numeric data to generate in response thereto an atmospheric model representing atmospheric conditions along the trajectory of the projectile, the fire control data processor establishing a current set of atmospheric parameters and then repeatedly generating a derived trajectory in response to the current set of atmospheric parameters, determining error differences between the actual trajectory and the derived trajectory, and using the error differences to update the current set of atmospheric parameters until the current set of atmospheric parameters converges to a model that accurately represents actual atmospheric conditions.