Ultrasonic rotary horn having improved end configuration

In an ultrasonic rotary horn intended to be excited at a frequency of from about 18 to about 60 kHz, which horn comprises a shaped, solid metal object having a radial surface terminated by a first end and a second end, and a rotational axis, in which each of said ends is defined by a surface and said object is axially symmetrical, which horn has the following characteristics:

• (A) the diameter of said horn is in the range of from about 4 cm to about 19 cm;
• (B) the width of said horn at said radial surface is from about 0.6 cm to about 13 cm;
• (C) the thickness of said horn at the rotational axis thereof is from about 0.6 cm to about 15 cm and is independent of the width of said horn at said radial surface;
• (D) said horn has a mass in the range of from about 0.06 kg to about 30 kg;
• and
• (E) said diameter, width, and thickness are selected for a desired frequency so that said horn, upon being excited by ultrasonic energy at such frequency which is input at the rotational axis at, and substantially perpendicular to, one or both ends, is adapted to resonate in a manner such that:
• (1) the excited end moves substantially in phase with the movement of the source of excitation;
• (2) the opposing end, whether or not it is actively excited, moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited end;
• (3) said radial work-contacting surface also moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited end;
• and
• (4) said horn exhibits a single nodal point at its geometric center;
• the improvement which comprises said first end and said second end having a substantially concave configuration which comprises a central, circular, flat portion which is concentric with said rotational axis and a generally convex portion from said flat portion to said radial surface, in which:
• (a) the diameter of said flat portion is at least about 20 percent of the diameter of the horn;
• (b) said generally convex portion is a curved surface having axial symmetry and a curvilinear profile in cross-section through said rotational axis which lies in the triangular area defined by (i) a straight line leading from the outer boundary of said flat portion to the edge of said radial surface;
• (ii) a straight line parallel with the rotational axis which begins at the outer boundary of the flat portion and extends outwardly away from the horn;
• and (iii) a straight line which is perpendicular to the rotational axis and which extends from the edge of said radial surface to said straight line parallel with the rotational axis;
• (c) said horn has a variance of no more than about 20 percent across said radial surface;
• and
• (d) the ratio of the average radial amplitude to the longitudinal amplitude is at least 1.