US 5,047,332 AGranted

Integrated process for the production of food, feed and fuel from biomass

AssigneeInstitut Armand-Frappier-Univ. of Quebec

InventorDevinder S. Chahal

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Abstract

A feedstock containing a biomass such as lignocellulosic materials, e.g. forest biomass; agricultural residues; or manures, is pretreated and thereafter is fractionated into cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. New mutants are disclosed which include Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758), Penicillum sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759), and Trichoderma reesei QMY-1. With these new mutants and also known fungi including Pleurotus sajor-caju and other Pleurotus spp. unfractionated predetermined biomass is converted into feed. The same treatment can also be applied to hemicelluloses, and cellullose. Cellulose can also be hydrolyzed by means of a cellulase-system prepared from cellulose and Tricoderma reesei to prepare glucose which can be converted to alcohol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces spp. and Zymomonas mobilis. The residual microbial biomass of these microorganisms from alcohol fermentation broth is also used as feed. The process is economical and non polluting.

Process for treating biomass which comprises:

(a) pretreating said biomass to enable it to be fractionated into cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose;
(b) separating pretreated biomass into said celulose lignin and hemicellulose;
(c) producing inocula of Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758), Penicillum sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759), Trichoderma reesei QMY-1 (NRRL 18760), Saccharomyces spp., Kluyveromyces spp., and Zymononas spp. by growing same on hemicellulose fraction obtained by separation from pretreated biomass;
(d) inoculating another hemicellulose fraction obtained by separation from pretreated biomass with an inoculum selected from the group consisting of inocula of Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758) and Penicillm sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759) under aerobic fermentation conditions effective to produce protein-rich animal feed;
(e) providing a fraction of pretreated biomass not subjected to separating step (b) and inoculating same with an inoculum of Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758) or Penicillum sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759) under aerobic fermentation conditions effective to product protein-rich animal feed;
(f) inoculating a cellulose fraction obtained by separation from pretreated biomass with an inoculum selected from the group consisting of inocula of Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758) and Penicillum sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759) under aerobic fermentation conditions effective to produce protein-rich animal feed;
(g) fermenting a fraction of pretreated biomass not subjected to separating step (b) or fractionated cellulose under aerobic conditions with Trichoderma reesei QMY-1 (NRRL 18760) to give a cellulase-system, hydrolyzing a cellulose fraction obtained in step (d) with said cellulose system to give glucose, and fermenting said glucose with an inoculum selected from said inocula of yeasts and bacteria to give ethanol.

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Facts

Application

06/903,467Filed 3 Sep 1986

Granted

10 Sep 1991

Term ends

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Classification16 codes

C12P 7/14
Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage: multiple stages of fermentation; Multiple types of microorganisms or re-use of microorganisms
A23K 10/12
Obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes: by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or…
C12N 1/22
Microorganisms; Compositions thereof ; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of…:…
C12P 39/00
Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously

Abstract

Claims14