Phase change injection nozzle
AssigneeCold Jet, Inc.
InventorDaniel L. Lloyd
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A high efficiency phase change nozzle has a body with primary orifices, a pilot nozzle extends upstream from the body and has a pilot orifice and central cavity through which a pilot flow of liquid is flashed to the solid state, cooling the pilot nozzle, thereby precooling the liquid before it flows through the primary orifices. An exit nozzle, in conjunction with a housing, assists in continuing the phase change of the mixture exiting the primary orifices and with dispersing the mixture into the downstream cavity.
Claims30
A nozzle for converting liquid flowing from an upstream cavity into solid particles which flow into a downstream cavity, comprising:
- (a) a body having an inlet surface and an outlet surface;
- (b) at least one primary orifice formed through said body, each of said primary orifices communicating with said inlet surface, and communicating with said outlet surface, each respective primary orifice being adapted to effect the phase change of the liquid flowing into said respective primary orifice from the liquid phase to the solid phase, said phase change cooling said body;
- and
- (c) precooling means connected to said body for cooling the liquid prior to the liquid flowing into said primary orifices.
A nozzle for converting liquid flowing from an upstream cavity into solid particles which flow into a downstream cavity, comprising:
- (a) a body having an inlet surface and an outlet surface;
- (b) at least one primary orifice formed through said body, each of said primary orifices communicating with said inlet surface, and communicating with said outlet surface, each respective primary orifice being adapted to effect the phase change of the liquid flowing into said respective primary orifice from the liquid phase to the solid phase, said phase change cooling said body;
- (c) an exit nozzle connected to said body and extending from said outlet surface in the downstream direction, said exit nozzle terminating in an exit surface, said exit nozzle having an exterior surface which is continuous with said outlet surface of said body, said exterior surface terminating at said exit surface;
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- (d) at least a portion of said exterior surface being an inclined surface of increasing circumference in the downstream direction.
A nozzle for converting liquid flowing from an upstream cavity into solid particles which flow into a downstream cavity, comprising:
- (a) a body having an inlet surface and an outlet surface;
- (b) at least one primary orifice formed through said body, each of said primary orifices communicating with said inlet surface, and communicating with said outlet surface;
- and
- (c) precooling means connected to said body for cooling the liquid prior to the liquid flowing into said primary orifices, said precooling means comprising
- (i) a pilot nozzle connected to said body and extending upstream therefrom;
- (ii) a continuous central cavity formed in said pilot nozzle and through said body, said central cavity communicating with the downstream cavity;
- and
- (iii) a pilot orifices formed in said pilot nozzle, said pilot orifices communicating with the upstream cavity and with said central cavity.
A nozzle for converting liquid flowing from an upstream cavity into solid particles which flow into a downstream cavity, said nozzle comprising:
- (a) a body having an inlet surface and an outlet surface;
- (b) at least one primary orifice formed through said body, each of said primary orifices communicating with said inlet surface, and communicating with said outlet surface, each respective primary orifice being adapted to effect the phase change of the liquid flowing into said respective primary orifice from the liquid phase to the solid phase, said phase change cooling said body;
- (c) a housing in which said body is disposed, said housing having a lower portion which extends downstream of said body;
- (d) an exit nozzle connected to said body and extending therefrom in the downstream direction, said exit nozzle terminating in an exit surface, said exit nozzle having an exterior surface which is continuous with said outlet surface of said body, said exterior surface terminating at said exit surface, at least a portion of said exterior surface being an inclined surface of increasing circumference in the downstream direction;
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- (e) an exit cavity formed by said housing, said outlet surface of said body, and said exterior surface of said exit nozzle, said exit cavity terminating at said exit surface in an exit opening.
A nozzle for converting liquid flowing from an upstream cavity into solid particles which flow into a downstream cavity, comprising:
- (a) a body having an inlet surface and an outlet surface;
- (b) at least one primary orifice formed through said body, each of said primary orifices communicating with said inlet surface, and communicating with said outlet surface, each respective primary orifice being adapted to effect the phase change of the liquid flowing into said respective primary orifice from the liquid phase to the solid phase, said phase change cooling said body;
- (c) a pilot orifice formed through said body, said pilot orifice communicating with the upstream cavity;
- (d) an exit nozzle connected to said body and extending therefrom in the downstream direction, said exit nozzle terminating in an exit surface, said exit nozzle having an exterior surface which is continuous with said outlet surface of said body, said exterior surface terminating at said exit surface, at least a portion of said exterior surface being an inclined surface of increasing circumference in the downstream direction;
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- (e) a continuous central cavity formed in said exit nozzle, said central cavity communicating with said pilot orifice and the downstream cavity.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.