# US 4,983,296 A · Partial oxidation of sewage sludge > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,983,296 A - Document ID: US4983296A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/389,435 - Filed: 1989-08-03 - Granted: 1991-01-08 - Earliest claimed: 1989-08-03 - Assignees: Texaco Inc. - Inventors: Matthew A. McMahon; Robert M. Suggitt; Ronald J. McKeon; Albert Brent - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4983296A ## CPC - C10B 53/00: Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form (wet carbonising of peat C10F) - C02F 11/10: by pyrolysis - C10J 3/46: Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension - C10J 3/466: {Entrained flow processes} - C10J 2300/0906: Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting - C10J 2300/0923: Sludge, e.g. from water treatment plant - C10J 2300/1846: Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only - Y02P 20/129: Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines - Y02W 10/40: Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing - C10B: DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils C10G; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295) - C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) - C10J: PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS - Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT ## Abstract Municipal sanitary sewage sludge is disposed of by an improved partial oxidation process without polluting the environment. Aqueous slurries of sewage sludge are upgraded by hydrothermal treatment, preferably while being sheared, concentrated, and then mixed with a supplemental fuel, preferably coal. A pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke is thereby produced having a greater total solids and heat content (HHV) as well as containing an increased amount of sewage sludge for reacting with free-oxygen containing gas in a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator. Hot quench water or steam produced by cooling the hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the gasifier may provide heat for the hydrothermal step. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for the partial oxidation of sewage sludge the improvement: (1) heating a concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge obtained from sewage and comprising combustible and non-combustible materials and having a solids content of at least 3 wt. % in the absence of air at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. to 600.degree. F. and at a pressure at or above the vapor pressure of water at said elevated temperature until a large portion of the organic matter in said sewage is agglomerated; (2) dewatering the heated aqueous pumpable slurry of sewage sludge from (1) to a solids content in the range of about 25 to 50 wt. %; (3) mixing the pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge produced in (2) having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least 3,000 Btu/lb (dry basis) with a supplemental solid fuel comprising particles of coal and/or petroleum coke having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least about 8,000 Btu/lb (dry basis) to produce a pumpable aqueous sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke slurry having a solids content in the range of about 30 to 65 wt. %, and having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least about 6,000 Btu/lb (dry basis); and (4) reacting said pumpable aqueous sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke slurry from (3) in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 2800.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 1-35 atmospheres, and in the presence of a free-oxygen containing gas, thereby producing a hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of shearing said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) at a shear rate of at least 1000 per minute for a period of about 1/4 hr. to 2 hrs. while said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is being heated. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said supplemental solid fuel is coal and provided with the steps of encapsulating the non-combustible materials in the sewage sludge in (1) by ash contained in said coal, and flowing the encapsulated material from the reaction zone of the gas generator in (4) as substantially inert molten slag. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of heating said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with hot quench water or steam produced downstream in the process during the cooling of the hot raw effluent gas stream from (4). ### Claim 5 The process of claim provided with the steps of producing high quality or superheated steam by indirect heat exchange between boiler feedwater and said hot effluent gas stream from (4) in a waste heat boiler, introducing said steam into a steam turbine to produce mechanical power and/or electricity, and heating said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with low quality discharge steam from said steam turbine. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The process of claim 4 provided with the step of producing said hot quench water by direct heat exchange between water in a quench tank located downstream from said partial oxidation gas generator and said hot raw effluent gas stream from (4). ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of introducing said hot raw effluent gas stream from (4) into a gas purification zone and removing H.sub.2 S, COS, and CO.sub.2 from said effluent gas stream. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of dewatering the heated aqueous pumpable slurry of sewage sludge from (1) in (2) by gravity settling or filtration. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein the mixing in (3) takes place in a mixing zone wherein a pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge having a solids content in the range of about 25 to 50 wt. % is mixed with a pumpable aqueous coal and/or petroleum coke slurry having a solids content in the range of about 10 to 75 wt. %; and wherein the wt. % of sewage sludge in said aqueous sewage sludge--coal and/or petroleum coke slurry is in the range of about 10 to 30. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein the mixing in (3) takes place in a grinder, and the solids in said pumpable aqueous sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke slurry and the particles of coal and/or petroleum coke in said supplemental fuel are ground to a particle size so that 100% passes through an ASTM E11-70 Sieve Designation Standard (SDS) 1.40 mm Alternative No. 14. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of introducing an additive into the reaction zone of (4) in order to facilitate the encapsulation of said non-combustible materials in the sewage sludge and in the ash of the supplemental fuel. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The process of claim 11 wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of iron-containing materials, calcium-containing materials, silicon-containing materials, and mixture thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The process of claim 12 wherein said iron-containing material is selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, iron carbonate, iron nitrate, and mixtures thereof; said calcium-containing material is selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate, calcium fluoride, calcium phosphate, calcium borate, and mixtures thereof; and said silicon-containing additive material is selected from the group consisting of silica, silicates, quartz, volcanic ash, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the steps of aerating the water removed from sewage to produce said concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1), separating the aerated material into an aqueous slurry of secondary sewage sludge and water overflow, disinfecting the water overflow, and mixing the aqueous slurry of secondary sludge with the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge to be processed in (1). ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 provided with the steps of disinfecting said water overflow by a conventional process step selected from the group consisting of chlorinating, heating with waste heat derived in the process, treating with ultra violet light, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 provided with the steps of removing dissolved solids from said disinfected water and passing the upgraded disinfected water in indirect heat exchange with the effluent gas stream from the partial oxidation reaction zone to produce steam, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said steam. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The process of claim 16 provided with the steps of quench cooling the hot raw effluent gas stream from (4) with at least a portion of said disinfected water thereby producing hot quench water, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said hot quench water. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 provided with the step of introducing said pumpable aqueous sewage sludge coal and/or petroleum coke slurry from (3) into the reaction zone of the partial oxidation gas generator in (4) by way of the intermediate annular shaped passage of an annular-type burner comprising a central conduit surrounded by two concentric annular shaped passages while simultaneously passing free-oxygen containing gas through the central conduit and outer annular shaped passage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 where in (3) said supplemental solid fuel is coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, coke from coal, lignite, residue derived from coal liquifaction, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said coal and/or petroleum coke is provided as a pumpable slurry of coal and/or petroleum coke in a liquid medium selected from the group consisting of water, liquid hydrocarbon, liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 21 A process for the partial oxidation of sewage sludge comprising: (1) heating a concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge comprising combustible and non-combustible materials and having a solids content in the range of at least 3 wt. % in the absence of air at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. to 600.degree. F. and at a pressure at or above the vapor pressure of water at said elevated temperature until a large portion of the organic matter in said sewage is agglomerated; (2) dewatering the heated pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge from (1) to a solids content in the range of about 25 to 50 wt. %; (3) mixing the pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge produced in (2) having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least 3,000 Btu/lb (dry basis) with a supplemental fuel comprising a liquid hydrocarbon or a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least about 10,000 Btu/lb to produce a pumpable feed slurry having a solids content in the range of about 30 to 65 wt. %, and having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least about 6,000 Btu/lb (dry basis); and (4) reacting said pumpable feed slurry from (3) in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 2800.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 1-35 atmospheres, and in the presence of a free-oxygen containing gas, thereby producing a hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the step of shearing said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) at a shear rate of at least 1000 per minute for a period of about 1/4 hr to 2 hrs. while said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is being heated. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the step of heating said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with hot quench water or steam produced downstream in the process during the cooling of the hot raw effluent gas stream from (4). ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the step of introducing said hot raw effluent gas stream from (4) into a gas purification zone and removing H.sub.2 S, COS, and CO.sub.2 from said effluent gas stream. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the step of introducing an additive into the reaction zone of (4) in order to facilitate the encapsulation of said non-combustible materials in the sewage sludge and in the ash of the supplemental fuel. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The process of claim 25 wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of iron-containing materials, calcium-containing materials, silicon-containing materials, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the steps of aerating the water removed from sewage to produce said concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1), separating the aerated material into an aqueous slurry of secondary sewage sludge and water overflow, purifying the water overflow, and mixing the aqueous slurry of secondary sludge with the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge to be processed in (1). ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The process of claim 27 provided with the step of passing said purified water in indirect heat exchange with the effluent gas stream from the partial oxidation reaction zone to produce steam, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said steam. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The process of claim 27 provided with the steps of quench cooling the hot raw effluent gas stream from (4) with at least a portion of said purified water thereby producing hot quench water, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said hot quench water. ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 provided with the step of introducing said pumpable feed slurry from (3) into the reaction zone of the partial oxidation gas generator in (4) by way of the intermediate annular shaped passage of an annular-type burner comprising a central conduit surrounded by two concentric annular-shaped passages while simultaneously passing free-oxygen containing gas through the central conduit and the outer annular shaped passage. ### Claim 31 (depends on 21) The process of claim 21 wherein said liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel is selected from the group consisting of virgin crude, residue from petroleum distillation and cracking, petroleum distillates, reduced crude, asphalt, coal tar, shale oil, tar sand oil, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 32 A process for the partial oxidation of sewage sludge comprising: (1) heating a concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge obtained from sewage and comprising combustible and non-combustible materials and having a solids content of at least 3 wt. % in the absence of air at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. to 600.degree. F. and at a pressure at or above the vapor pressure of water at said elevated temperature until a large portion of the organic matter in said sewage is agglomerated; (2) dewatering the heated aqueous pumpable slurry of sewage sludge from (1) to a solids content in the range of about 25 to 50 wt. %; (3) mixing the pumpable slurry of sewage sludge produced in (2) having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least 3,000 Btu/lb (dry basis) with a supplemental fuel comprising a gaseous fuel having a higher heating value (HHV) of at least about 75 BTU per Standard Cubic Foot (SCF) to produce a dispersion of sewage sludge in gaseous fuel, wherein said dispersion has a higher heating value (HHV) of at least 300 BTU/SCF; and (4) reacting said atomized dispersion from (3) in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 2800.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 1-35 atmospheres, and in the presence of a free-oxygen containing gas, thereby producing a hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 provided with the step of shearing said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) at a shear rate of at least 1000 per minute for a period of about 1/4 to 2 hrs. while said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is being heated. ### Claim 34 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 with the step of heating said aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with hot quench water or steam produced downstream in the process during the cooling of the hot raw effluent gas stream from (4). ### Claim 35 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 provided with the steps of introducing said hot raw effluent gas stream from (4) into a gas purification zone and removing H.sub.2 S, COS, and CO.sub.2 from said effluent gas stream. ### Claim 36 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 provided with the steps of aerating the water removed from sewage to produce said concentrated aqueous slurry of secondary sewage sludge in (1), separating the aerated material into an aqueous slurry of secondary sewage sludge and water overflow, purifying the water overflow, and mixing the aqueous slurry of secondary sludge with the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge to be processed in (1). ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) The process of claim 36 provided with the step of passing the purified water in indirect heat exchange with the effluent gas stream from the partial oxidation reaction zone to produce steam, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said steam. ### Claim 38 (depends on 36) The process of claim 36 provided with the steps of quench cooling the hot raw effluent gas stream from the partial oxidation gas generator with at least a portion of said purified water thereby producing hot quench water, and heating the concentrated aqueous slurry of sewage sludge in (1) by indirect heat exchange with said hot quench water. ### Claim 39 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 wherein said supplemental fuel is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, a portion of gas produced in the partial oxidation gas generator, and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 40 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 provided with the step of introducing said dispersion of sewage sludge in gaseous fuel from (3) into the reaction zone of the partial oxidation gas generator in (4) by way of the intermediate annular shaped passage of an annular-type burner comprising a central conduit surrounded by two concentric annular shaped passages while simultaneously passing free-oxygen containing gas through the central conduit and the outer annular shaped passage. ### Claim 41 (depends on 32) The process of claim 32 wherein the mixing in (3) is produced by passing said aqueous pumpable slurry of sewage sludge from (2) through the intermediate annular shaped passage of an annular-type burner comprising a central conduit surrounded by two concentric annular shaped passages while simultaneously passing a stream of free-oxygen containing gas through the central conduit or the outer annular shaped passage, and passing a separate stream of fuel gas through the remaining conduit.