Superconducting alternating winding capacitor electromagnetic resonator

An electromagnetic resonator, comprising:

• (a) two or more non-intersecting, substantially overlapping surfaces each having a respective physical extent, and each being of approximately similar size and shape and separated from one another by a distance which is small in comparison to said physical extent of said surfaces;
• and,
• (b) on each of said surfaces, one or more substantially non-intersecting, electrically conductive paths each having a respective width, and each covering substantial portions of said respective surfaces, said path widths being substantially smaller than said physical extent of said surfaces;
• wherein said conductive paths are oriented such that:
• (i) no path on any one of said surfaces is electrically connected to a path on any of said other surfaces;
• (ii) for each of said surfaces, macroscopic current flows, with respect to said surfaces, in a direction other than the direction in which microscopic current flows in said paths;
• and,
• (iii) said resonator supports at least one mode of electromagnetic oscillation between a first state in which the electromagnetic energy stored by said resonator is substantially electrostatic energy, and a second state in which the electromagnetic energy stored by said resonator is substantially magnetostatic energy, said oscillations being at a frequency which is substantially lower than any characteristic self-resonant frequency of electromagnetic oscillation of any on e of said paths, taken alone;
• wherein said surfaces are spiral rolls.

An electromagnetic resonator, comprising:

• (a) two or more non-intersecting, substantially overlapping surfaces each having a respective physical extent, and each being of approximately similar size and shape separated from one another by a distance which is small in comparison to said physical extent of said surfaces;
• and,
• (b) on each of said surfaces, one or more substantially non-intersecting, electrically conductive paths each having a respective width, and each covering substantial portions of said respective surfaces, said path widths being substantially smaller than said physical extent of said surfaces;
• wherein said conductive paths are oriented such that:
• (i) no paths on any one of said surfaces is electrically connected to a path on any of said other surfaces;
• (ii) for each of said surfaces, macroscopic current flow, with respect to said surfaces, in a direction other than the direction in which microscopic current flows in said paths;
• and,
• (iii) said resonator supports at least one mode of electromagnetic oscillation between a first state in which the electromagnetic energy stored by said resonator is substantially electrostatic energy, and a second state in which the electromagnetic energy stored by said resonator is substantially magnetostatic energy, said oscillations being at a frequency which is substantially lower than any characteristic self-resonant frequency of electromagnetic oscillation of any one of said paths, taken alone;
• wherein said surfaces are spiral rolls and said paths are spirals when said surfaces are unrolled and laid flat.