US 4,976,683 A · Peritoneal dialysis method

Abstract

This invention relates to an improved method for conducting peritoneal dialysis with a decreased total volume of dialysis fluid used and increased efficacy parameters such as ultrafiltration rate, urea clearance rate and dialysate volume as compared to conventional techniques. In the method of this invention, a fluid communication through the peritoneal membrane into the peritoneal cavity of a patient in need of peritoneal dialysis treatment is established. An initial volume of an aqueous peritoneal dialysis composition containing an osmotic agent is instilled into the peritoneal cavity through the fluid communication. The dialysis composition contains an amount of dissolved osmotic agent (i) that is insufficient to adequately dialyze the patient during a predetermined time period of dialysis treatment, but (ii) that is present at an osmolarity that is greater than the osmolarity of the body fluids in contact with the membrane, such that an osmolarity gradient is created across the membrane between the composition and the body fluids. A flux of water and solute enters the composition from the body fluids by means of that gradient. A further amount of dissolved osmotic agent is released into the instilled dialysis composition to form a modified dialysis composition. That further osmotic agent is released in an amount sufficient to maintain a substantially constant osmolarity gradient between the modified dialysis composition and the body fluids such that the water and solute flux continues to enter into the modified dialysis composition during the predetermined dialysis time period. The modified dialysis composition is substantially removed from the peritoneal cavity at the end of the treatment time period.

Claims24

Dependent claims

A method for peritoneal dialysis of a patient in need of such treatment, comprising the steps of

(a) establishing fluid communication through the peritoneal membrane into the peritoneal cavity;
(b) instilling an initial volume of an aqueous peritoneal dialysis composition containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity through said fluid communication, said dialysis composition containing an amount of dissolved osmotic agent
(i) that is insufficent to adequately dialyze said patient during a predetermined time period of dialysis treatment, but
(ii) that is present at an osmolarity that is greater than the osmolarity of the body fluids in contact with said membrane,
such that an osmolarity gradient is created across said membrane between said composition and said body fluids by means of which gradient a flux of water and solute enters said composition from said body fluids;
(c) continually releasing additional dissolved osmotic agent into the instilled dialysis composition to form a modified dialysis composition, said additional osmotic agent being released in an amount sufficient to maintain a substantially constant osmolarity gradient between said modified dialysis composition and said body fluids such that said water and solute flux continues to enter into said modified dialysis composition during said predetermined dialysis time period;
and
(d) substantially removing the modified dialysis composition from the peritoneal cavity at the end of said time period.

5 more elements

A method for peritoneal dialysis of a patient in need of such treatment, comprising the steps of:

(a) establishing fluid communication through the peritoneal membrane into the peritoneal cavity;
(b) instilling an initial volume of an aqueous peritoneal dialysis composition containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity through said fluid communication, said dialysis composition containing an amount of dissolved osmotic agent
(i) that is insufficent to adequately dialyze said patient during a predetermined time period of dialysis treatment, but
(ii) that is present at an osmolarity that is greater than the osmolarity of the body fluids in contact with said membrane, such that an osmolarity gradient is created across said membrane between said composition and said body fluids by means of which gradient a flux of water and solute enters said composition from said body fluids;
(c) continually releasing additional dissolved osmotic agent into the instilled dialysis composition to form a modified dialysis composition, said additional osmotic agent being in a controlled release form, and released in an amount sufficient to maintain a substantially constant osmolarity gradient between said modified dialysis composition and said body fluids such that said water and solute flux continue to enter into said modified dialysis composition during said predetermined dialysis time period;
and
(d) substantially removing the modified dialysis composition from the peritoneal cavity at the end of said time period.

4 more elements

A method for peritoneal dialysis of a patient in need of such treatment, comprising the steps of:

(a) establishing a fluid communication through the peritoneal membrane into the peritoneal cavity;
(b) instilling an initial volume of an aqueous peritoneal dialysis composition containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity through said fluid communication, said dialysis composition containing an amount of dissolved osmotic agent
(i) that is insufficent to adequately dialyze said patient during a predetermined time period of dialysis treatment, but
(ii) that is present at an osmolarity that is greater than the osmolarity of the body fluids in contact with said membrane, such that an osmolarity gradient is created across said membrane between said composition and said body fluids by means of which gradient a flux of water and solute enters said composition from said body fluids;
(c) continually releasing further dissolved osmotic agent into the instilled dialysis composition from a reservoir of osmotic agent composition, external to the peritoneal cavity by pumping means external to the peritoneal cavity, to form a modified dialysis composition, said further osmotic agent being released in an amount sufficient to maintain a substantially constant osmolarity gradient between said modified dialysis composition and said body fluids such that said water and solute flux continue to enter into said modified dialysis composition during said predetermined dialysis time period;
and
(d) substantially removing the modified dialysis composition from the peritoneal cavity at the end of said time period.

4 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Peritoneal dialysis method

Life of this patent

Peritoneal dialysis method

Life of this patent

Abstract

Claims24