# US 4,945,221 A · Apparatus and method for controlling a hydraulic excavator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,945,221 A - Document ID: US4945221A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/210,803 - Filed: 1988-06-24 - Granted: 1990-07-31 - Earliest claimed: 1987-04-24 - Assignees: Laser Alignment, Inc. - Inventors: Edward G. Nielsen; Timothy E. Steenwyk - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4945221A ## CPC - E02F 3/437: {providing automatic sequences of movements, e.g. linear excavation, keeping dipper angle constant} - E02F 3/435: {for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like} - E02F 9/264: {Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool} - E02F: DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING (winning peat E21C49/00) ## Abstract A control for an excavator controls the position of the bucket cutting edge to a desired depth accurately by a calibrating laser receiver mounted on the excavator stick member and passed through a stationary laser plane wherever the stick is moved into or out of a trench. Linear position encoders monitor the length that the actuating cylinders are extended and lookup tables convert the encoder outputs to angle representations for determining the positions of the laser receiver and the cutting edge. Other lookup tables are utilized to avoid time-consuming iterative calculation procedures to provide real-time digital process solutions of trigonometric functions. The apparatus includes a unique laser receiver comprising a plurlaity of linearly aligned photo receptors with associated circuitry for producing an output representative of the receptor illuminated or, if a group of receptors are illuminated, the centermost receptor illuminated. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A laser receiver comprising: an array comprising a plurality of linearly aligned photoreceptors; comparison means for determining the identity of said receptors that are receiving light at a predetermined frequency and above a predetermined level; median detection means responsive to said comparison means for determining from among a group of said receptors that are determined to be receiving said light the receptor closest to the longitudinal center of said group; and wherein said median detection means includes means for assigning discrete number values to said photo receptors, said number values assigned consecutively longitudinally to adjacent receptors; means for reading the number values assigned to the receptors receiving said light; and means for calculating the average value of said number values to produce a representation of the same receptor closest to the longitudinal center. PG,50 ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The laser receiver in claim 1 further including latch means between said comparison means and said median detection means, said latch means for storing said identity of said receptors that are receiving said light. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The laser receiver in claim 2 further including an interrupt generator means for generating a signal simultaneous with said receiver being stuck by said light. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The laser receiver in claim 1 wherein said receptors are electrically interconnected in a matrix comprising N rows and M columns of said receptors and wherein an indication is produced corresponding to each row and column having a receptor receiving said light. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The laser receiver in claim 4 wherein the receptors in each said row are longitudinally adjacent receptors in said array. ### Claim 6 A laser receiver comprising: an array comprising a plurality of linearly aligned photo receptors; comparison means for determining the identity of said receptors that are receiving light at a predetermined frequency and above a predetermined level; latch means responsive to said comparison means for storing said identity of said receptors that are substantially simultaneously receiving said light; median detection means responsive to said latch means for determining from among a group of said receptors that are determined to be receiving said light the receptor closest to the longitudinal center of said group; and an interrupt generator means for generating a signal simultaneous with said receiver being struck by said light. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The laser receiver in claim 6 wherein said receptors are electrically interconnected in a matrix comprising N rows and M columns of said receptors and wherein an indication is produced corresponding to each row and column having a receptor receiving said light. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The laser receiver in claim 7 wherein the receptors in each said row are longitudinally adjacent receptors in said array. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The laser receiver in claim 8 wherein said median detection means comprises: means for assigning integer number values to said photo receptors, said number values assigned consecutively longitudinally to adjacent receptors; means for reading the number values assigned to the receptors receiving said light; and means for calculating the average value of said number values to produce a representation of the said receptor closest to the longitudinal center. ### Claim 10 A laser receiver comprising: an array comprising a plurality of linearly aligned photo receptors that are electrically interconnected in a matrix comprising N rows and M columns of said receptors and wherein an indication is produced corresponding to each row and column having a receptor receiving said light; comparison means responsive to said indications for determining the identity of said receptors that are receiving light at a predetermined frequency and above a predetermined level; median detection means responsive to said comparison means for determining from among a group of said receptors that are determined to be receiving said light the receptor closest to the longitudinal center of said group; and wherein the receptors in each said row are longitudinally adjacent receptors in said array.