High performance extended interaction output circuit

An extended interaction output circuit [EIOC] for interacting with a modulated electron beam and outputting RF electromagnetic energy, said EIOC comprising:

• a first cavity;
• a second cavity being coupled to said first cavity;
• a third cavity being coupled to said second cavity;
• said first, second and third cavities acting as an RF filter network having first and second RF filters having, respectively, first and second image impedances and a load impedance, said second image impedance being approximately one half the magnitude of said first image impedance, said load impedance being approximately one third the magnitude of said first image impedance.

An electromagnetic output circuit for outputting RF electromagnetic energy to a transmission means, said electromagnetic output circuit receiving a modulated electron beam and RF electromagnetic energy, said electromagnetic output circuit comprising:

• a first cavity, said first cavity having a gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam and a first coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy;
• and
• a second cavity, said second cavity being coupled to said first cavity and having a second gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam, said second cavity also having a second coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy, the distance between said first gap and said second gap being sufficient to cause a phase shift in said modulated electron beam between said first and said second gaps which is substantially equal to the phase shift occurring in said electromagnetic wave between said first and said second gaps;
• wherein the volume of said first and second cavities and the dimensions of said gaps and said first and second coupling means are proportioned such that the image impedance of said electromagnetic output circuit is approximately twice the magnitude of its output load resistance.

An electromagnetic output circuit for outputting RF electromagnetic energy to a transmission means, said electromagnetic output circuit receiving a modulated electron beam and RF electromagnetic energy, said electromagnetic output circuit comprising:

• a first cavity, said first cavity having a gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam and a first coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy;
• and
• a second cavity, said second cavity being coupled to said first cavity and having a second gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam, said second cavity also having a second coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy, the distance between said first gap and said second gap being sufficient to cause a phase shift in said modulated electron beam between said first and said second gaps which is substantially equal to the phase shift occurring in said electromagnetic wave between said first and said second gaps;
• a third cavity, said third cavity being coupled to said second cavity and having a third gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam, said third cavity also having a third coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy, the distance between said second gap and said third gap being sufficient to cause a phase shift in said modulated electron beam between said second and said third gaps which is substantially equal to the phase shift occurring in said electromagnetic wave between said second and said third gaps;
• said first, second and third cavities, said first, second and third gaps, and said first, second and third electromagnetic coupling means being accurately proportioned such that said electromagnetic output circuit acts as two RF electromagnetic filters having, respectively, first and second image impedances, wherein said second image impedance being approximately one half the magnitude of said first image impedance and wherein the load impedance of said first and second filters is approximately one third the magnitude of said first image impedance.

An electromagnetic output circuit for outputting RF electromagnetic energy to a transmission means, said electromagnetic output circuit receiving a modulated electron beam and RF electromagnetic energy, said electromagnetic output circuit comprising:

• a first cavity having a first predetermined volume and defining a first gap having a first predetermined distance;
• a second cavity, said second cavity being coupled to said first cavity and having a second predetermined volume and a second gap having a second predetermined distance, said first and said second cavities sharing a first aperture defining a first area;
• a third cavity, said third cavity being coupled to said second cavity and having a third gap for permitting the traveling therethrough of said modulated electron beam, said third cavity also having a third coupling means for permitting the traveling therethrough of said electromagnetic energy, the distance between said second gap and said third gap being sufficient to cause a phase shift in said modulated electron beam between said second and said third gaps which is substantially equal to the phase shift occurring in said electromagnetic wave between said second and said third gaps;
• said first, second and third cavities, said first, second and third gaps, and said first, second and third electromagnetic coupling means being accurately proportioned such that said electromagnetic output circuit acts as two RF electromagnetic filters having, respectively, first and second image impedances and a load impedance, said second image impedance being approximately one half the magnitude of said first image impedance while said load impedance is approximately one third the magnitude of said first image impedance.