Chelate ligands for low pressure hydroformylation catalyst and process employing same

The catalyst comprising rhodium complexed with:

• (a) a ligand of the formula ##STR4## useful as a ligand in hydroformylation and other reactions, wherein n is 1-4;
• each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloaliphatic, halogen, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl or cyano;
• each R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or cycloaliphatic;
• each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected from hydrogen and the R.sub.1 substituents;
• each Y is independently selected from the elements N, P, As, Sb and Bi;
• and
• each alkyl group or moiety is straight or branched chain of 1-20 carbons, each aryl group contains 6-10 ring carbons, and each cycloaliphatic group contains from 4-6 ring carbons.
• in a molar ratio of ligand/Rh of about 1/1;
• (b) H in a molar ratio of H/Rh of about 1/1;
• and (c) carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of CO/Rh of about 2/1.