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US 4,904,279 AGranted
Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing carbonate additive
AssigneeUnion Oil Company of California
InventorsDiane D. Kanne, Ross Y. Iwamoto
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
Hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline, especially diesel fuel compositions, contain carbonate additives, preferably non-aromatic, metals-free carbonates, to reduce particulate emissions therefrom when combusted in an internal combustion engine.
Claims29
A composition comprising:
- (a) a particulate emissions reducing amount of an additive comprising at least two carbonates, a first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula:
- ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate;
- and
- (b) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel heavier than gasoline, said carbonate additive constituting between about 0.1 and about 49.9 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.
2 more elements
A composition comprising:
- (a) a middle distillate hydrocarbon fuel;
- and
- (b) from about 0.1 to about 49.9 weight percent of a metals-free and non-aromatic carbonate additive based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, said additive comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR5## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula:
- ##STR6## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate, the composition having the property of releasing fewer particulates upon combustion than would the fuel without the additive.
2 more elements
A method for reducing the particulate emissions from combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline comprising combusting a mixture containing the hydrocarbon fuel and from about 0.1 to about 49.9 weight percent of a metals-free and non-aromatic carbonate additive based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, said additive comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR7## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula:
- ##STR8## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromtic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate.
A composition comprising:
- (a) a particulate reducing amount of a metals-free non-aromatic particulate emissions suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR9## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula:
- ##STR10## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms;
- and
- (b) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel which, if combusted without said additive, would release a substantial proportion of particulates.
2 more elements
A composition comprising:
- (a) between 0.1 and 5 weight percent of a metals-free, non-aromatic particulate emission suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR11## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate present in an amount between 0.5 part and 5 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate and having the general formula:
- ##STR12## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms;
- and
- (b) a liquid diesel fuel, said carbonate additive constituting between about 0.1 and about 49.9 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.
2 more elements
A concentrate comprising:
- (a) a mixture comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula:
- ##STR13## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate being a dicarbonate having the general formula:
- ##STR14## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate;
- in a concentration of between about 0.1 and about 99.9 weight percent of the concentrate;
- and
- (b) a solvent for the carbonates, the solvent being miscible in liquid hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline.
3 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.