Restraint edge for paving members

Paving stone restraint system comprising:

• a plurality of paving stones;
• substantially vertical strip restraining means for defining a boundary around said paving stones, said substantially vertical strip restraining means being flexibly formed to accommodate for irregular shaped boundaries around said paving stones, said substantially vertical strip restraining means including a first side surface for facing said paving stones and for receiving substantially horizontal forces from said paving stones and a second side surface facing away from said paving stones;
• and
• substantially horizontal extension means extending out laterally from said second side surface of said substantially vertical strip restraining means;
• and
• force converting means interconnecting said substantially vertical strip restraining means to said substantially horizontal extension means in the form of a closed hollow profile for converting said horizontal forces received by said substantially vertical strip restraining means into vertical forces into a base surface.

Paving stone edge restraining apparatus for edging and restraining paving stones on a base surface comprising:

• substantially vertical strip restraining means for defining a boundary around said paving stones, said substantially vertical strip restraining means being flexibly formed to accommodate for irregular shaped boundaries around said paving stones, said substantially vertical strip restraining means including a first side surface for facing said paving stones and for receiving substantially horizontal forces from said paving stones and a second side surface facing away from said paving stones;
• and
• substantially horizontal extension means extending out laterally from said second side surface of said substantially vertical strip restraining means;
• and
• force converting means interconnecting said substantially vertical strip restraining means to said substantially horizontal extension means in the form of a closed hollow profile for converting said horizontal forces received by said substantially vertical strip restraining means into vertical forces into said base surface.

Support apparatus for edging and restraining a hard surface means in a given position on ground surface comprising:

• substantially vertical strip restraining means for defining a boundary around said hard surface means, said vertical strip restraining means having an upper region, a lower region, an inner surface facing toward said hard surface means for receiving substantially horizontal forces from said hard surface means, and an outer surface facing away from said hard surface means;
• base strip extension means extending out from said outer surface of said vertical strip restraining means in said lower region for receiving vertical forces relative to the ground surface;
• force converting means for converting said horizontal forces received by said vertical strip restraining means into vertical forces against said base strip extension means thereby restraining said hard surface means in said boundary, said force converting means including connecting strip means for connecting said vertical strip restraining means to said base strip extension means;
• and
• wherein said connecting strip means, a portion of said vertical strip restraining means and a portion of said base extension means form a triangular cross section, said vertical strip restraining means including a border length parallel to said boundary of said hard surface means, said connecting strip means including cut out portions along intervals of said vertical strip restraining means border length, said base strip extension means including cut out portion corresponding to said cut out portions of said connecting strip means.

Landscaping support apparatus for edging and restraining a hard surface means in a given position on ground surface comprising:

• substantially vertical strip restraining means for defining a boundary around said hard surface means, said vertical strip restraining means having an upper region, a lower region, an inner surface facing toward said hard surface means for receiving substantially horizontal forces from said hard surface means, and an outer surface facing away from said hard surface means;
• base strip extension means extending out from said outer surface of said vertical strip restraining means in said lower region for receiving vertical forces relative to the ground surface;
• force converting means for converting said horizontal forces received by said vertical strip restraining means into vertical forces against said base strip extension means thereby restraining said hard surface means in said boundary, said force converting means including connecting strip means for connecting said vertical strip restraining means to said base strip extension means;
• wherein said connecting means, a portion of said vertical strip restraining means and a portion of said base extension means form a triangular cross section;
• and
• connecting peg means for connecting adjacent sections of said vertical strip restraining means, said connecting peg means wedging in between said triangular cross section formed between said vertical strip restraining means, said connecting strip means and said base strip extension means

Support apparatus for restraining a hard surface means in a given position comprising:

• substantially vertical strip restraining means for defining a boundary around said hard surface means, said vertical strip restraining means having an upper region, a lower region, an inner surface facing toward said hard surface means for receiving substantially horizontal forces from said hard surface means, and an outer surface facing away from said hard surface means;
• base strip extension means extending out from said outer surface of said vertical strip restraining means in said lower region for receiving vertical forces relative to the ground surface;
• and
• force converting means for converting said horizontal forces received by said vertical strip restraining means into vertical forces against said base strip extension means thereby restraining said hard surface means in said boundary, said force converting means including connecting strip means for connecting said vertical strip restraining means to said base strip extension means;
• wherein said connecting means, a portion of said vertical strip restraining means and a portion of said base extension means form a triangular cross section, said connecting means forming a longest side of said triangular cross section;
• wherein said vertical strip restraining means and said base strip extension means are integrally connected to one another at said lower region of the vertical strip restraining means, and wherein the horizontal length of the base strip extension means is between 1.5 and 3.5 times the vertical height of the vertical strip restraining means.