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US 4,861,262 AGranted
Method and apparatus for waste disposal
AssigneeAmerican Combustion, Inc.
InventorsGregory M. Gitman, Boris M. Khudenko
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The invention relates to an afterburner apparatus and an incineration system and methods of waste destruction in primary incineration combustion means and afterburner means which both preferably utilize at least two different oxidizing gases. By varying the ratio of said oxidizing gases, the amount of total oxygen and nitrogen delivered in either means can be dynamically adjusted in accordance with the process requirements. Varying the flows of at least two oxydizing gases and auxiliary fuel in both the primary incinerator and afterburner makes it possible to operate the system under fluctuating waste loading conditions, by controlling temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and heat available for the process as a function of said ratio.
Claims90
A method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprises the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means;
- (b) providing a controllable amount of primary oxidizing gas into said primary incineration combustion means;
- (c) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incineration combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (d) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustion means to containment means having an auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (e) controllably introducing fluid combustible material into said auxiliary burner;
- (f) providing two secondary oxidizing gases having different oxygen and nitrogen concentrations from each other to said containment means, at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said auxiliary burner;
- (g) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible material in said auxiliary burner;
- (h) sensing process characteristics in said primary incineration means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (i) comparing said sensed process characteristic signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components in said gaseous exhaust below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparison to means for controlling the flow of at least one of said two secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- (j) sensing when batch of said waste material is about to be introduced into said primary incineration combustion means and generating a signal indicative of said introduction and communicating said introductions signal to said means for controlling the flow at least one of said two secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- and
- (k) adjusting the flows of at least one of said oxidizing gases provided to said containment means to increase in response to said introduction signal the total amount of oxygen momentarily provided to said containment means and to increase the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said oxidizing gases.
9 more elements
A method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprise the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means having a primary auxiliary burner;
- (b) providing two primary oxidizing gases having a different oxygen and nitrogen concentrations from each other to said primary incineration combustion means at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (c) controllably introducing a first fluid combustible material into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (d) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incineration combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (e) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustible means to containment means having a secondary auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (f) controllably introducing a second fluid combustible material into said secondary axiliary burner;
- (g) providing a controllable amount of secondary oxidizing gas to said containment means;
- (h) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible material in said primary and secondary auxiliary burners;
- (i) sensing process characteristics of said primary incineration means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (j) comparing said sensed process characteristics signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components of said solid waste stream below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparisons to means for controlling the flows of at least one of said two primary oxidizing gases provided to said primary incineration combustion means;
- (k) sensing when said batch of waste material is about to be introduced into said primary incineration combustion means and generating a signal indicative of said introduction and communicating said introduction signal to said means for controlling the flow of at least one of said two primary oxidizing gases;
- and
- (1) adjusting the flow of at least one of said two primary oxidizing gases to increase in response to said introduction signal the amount of oxygen momentarily provided to said primary incineration combustion means and to increase the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said primary oxidizing gases.
10 more elements
A method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprises the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means;
- (b) providing a controllable amount of a primary oxidizing gas to said primary incineration combustion means;
- (c) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incineration combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (d) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustion means to containment means having an auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (e) controllably introducing fluid combustible material into said auxiliary burner;
- (f) providing two secondary oxidizing gases having different oxygen and nitrogen concentrations from each other to said containment means, at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said auxiliary burner;
- (g) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible material in said auxiliary burner;
- (h) sensing process characteristics of said primary incineration means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (i) comparing said sensing process characteristics signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components in said gaseous exhaust below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparison to means for controlling the flow at least one of said two secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- and
- (j) sensing a value correlating with the level of unburned hazardous components in said gaseous exhaust;
- (k) comparing said sensed correlating value with a predetermined value representing the safe level of said unburned hazardous components which insures their presence in exhaust gases exiting from thermal destruction process in concentration below environmentally desired level to detect the event when the level of unburned components exceeds said safe level;
- (1) generating a signal indicative of said event and communicating this signal event to said means for controlling the flow of at least one of said two secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- and
- (m) adjusting the flows of at least one of said secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means to increase in response to said signal the amount of oxygen momentarily provided to said containment means and to increase the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said oxidizing gases.
12 more elements
A method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprises the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means having a primary auxiliary burner;
- (b) providing two primary oxidizing gases having different oxygen and nitrogen concentration from each other to said primary incineration combustion means at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (c) controllably introducing a first fluid combustible material into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (d) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incinerating combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (e) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustion means to containment means having a secondary auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (f) controllably introducing a secondary fluid combustible material into said secondary auxiliary burner;
- (g) providing a controllable amount of secondary oxidizing gas to said containment means;
- (h) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible materials in said primary and secondary auxiliary burners;
- (i) sensing process characteristics of said primary incinerating means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (j) comparing said sensed process characteristic signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components in said solid waste stream below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparisons to means for controlling the flow of at least one of said two primary oxidizing gases provided to said primary incineration combustion means;
- (k) sensing a value correlating with the level of unburned hazardous components in said gaseous exhaust;
- (1) comparing said sensed correlating value with a predetermined value representing the safe level of said unburned components which insures their presence in exhaust gases exiting from thermal destruction process in concentrations below desired level to detect the event when the level of unburned components exceed said safe level;
- (m) generating a signal indicative of this event and communicating this signal to said means for controlling the flows of said primary oxidizing gases provided to said primary incineration combustion means;
- and
- (n) adjusting the flows of said primary oxidizing gases in response to said signal to increase the amount of oxygen momentarily provided to said primary incinerating combustion means and increasing the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said primary oxidizing gases.
12 more elements
The method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprises the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means;
- (b) providing a controllable amount of a primary oxidizing gas to said primary incineration combustion means;
- (c) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incineration combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (d) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustion means to containment means having an auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (e) controllably introducing fluid combustible material into said auxiliary burner;
- (f) providing two secondary oxidizing gases having different oxygen and nitrogen concentrations from each other to said containment means, at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said auxiliary burner;
- (g) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible material in said auxiliary burner;
- (h) sensing process characteristics of said primary incineration means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (i) comparing said sensed process characteristic signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components in said gaseous exhaust below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparisons to means for controlling the flows of said secondary oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- (j) sensing a value correlating with the level of negative pressure within said primary incineration combustion means;
- (k) comparing sensed correlating value with a predetermined value representing the level of negative pressure which insures an absence of any leakage from said primary combustion means to detect the event when said correlating value is reduced below said predetermined value;
- (1) generating a signal indicative of this event and communicating this signal to said means for controlling the flows of oxidizing gases provided to said containment means;
- and
- (m) adjusting the flows of said oxidizing gases provided to said containment means to reduce in response to said signal the amount of nitrogen momentarily provided to said containment means and to increase the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said oxidizing gases.
11 more elements
A method of thermal destruction of waste material which comprises the steps of:
- (a) introducing solid waste material into a primary incineration combustion means having a primary auxiliary burner;
- (b) providing two primary oxidizing gases having different oxygen and nitrogen concentration from each other to said primary incineration combustion means, at least one of said oxidizing gases being provided into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (c) controllably introducing first fluid combustible material into said primary auxiliary burner;
- (d) incinerating said solid waste in said primary incineration combustion means to produce solid residue and gaseous exhaust;
- (e) directing said gaseous exhaust from said primary incineration combustion means to containment means having a secondary auxiliary burner generating hot auxiliary combustion product;
- (f) controllably introducing a second fluid combustible material to said secondary auxiliary burner;
- (g) providing a controllable amount of secondary oxidizing gas to said containment means;
- (h) combusting the residual combustible components of said gaseous exhaust in said containment means and said fluid combustible materials in said primary and secondary auxiliary burners;
- (i) sensing process characteristics of said primary incineration means and said containment means and generating signals indicative of the value of the process characteristics sensed;
- (j) comparing said sensed process characteristic signals with predetermined values for said process characteristics which insure reduction of hazardous components in said solid waste stream below a desired level and communicating the results of said comparisons to means for controlling the flow of said two primary oxidizing gases;
- (k) sensing the value correlating with the level of negative pressure within said primary incineration combustion means;
- (1) comparing sensed correlating value with a predetermined value representing the level of negative pressure which insures an absence of any leakage from said primary combustion means to detect the event when said correlating value is reduced below said predetermined value;
- (m) generating a signal indicative of this event and communicating this signal to said means for controlling the flows of said two primary oxidizing gases;
- and
- (n) adjusting the flows of said primary oxidizing gases in response to said signal to reduce the amount of nitrogen momentarily provided to said primary incineration combustion means and to increase the proportion of oxygen to nitrogen provided with said primary oxidizing gases.
12 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.