System for low temperature refrigeration and chill storage using ammoniated complex compounds
OwnerUwe Rockenfellerinventor
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Abstract
An improved heat exchange system incorporates the cooling created by using a metal salt/ammonia ligand complex compound which is alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, the ammonia creating useful cooling or refrigeration in the temperature range of between -65.degree.C. to 15.degree. C.
Claims11
In a heat exchange system containing a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia for being alternately heated and cooled to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, at least a portion of said ammonia, the improvement comprising said metal salt being selected from the group consisting of
- (a) an alkaline earth metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt,
- (b) a metal chloride, bromide or chloride salt in which the metal is chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, tantalum or rhenium,
- (c) a double chloride salt selected from NH.sub.4 AlCl.sub.4, NaAlCl.sub.4, KAlCl.sub.4, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4, (NH.sub.4).sub.3 ZnCl.sub.5, K.sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4, CsCuCl.sub.3, and K.sub.2 FeCl.sub.5, and
- (d) sodium bromide or ammonium chloride.
A method for storage and recovery of thermal energy or refrigeration at temperatures between about -65 and 15.degree. C. comprising alternately heating and cooling a complex compound consisting essentially of a metal salt and ammonia causing refrigerating desorption and ligand evaporation at temperatures between the following temperature limits, respectively to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively at least a portion of the ammonia moiety thereof between the following numerical limits, said complex compound selected from the group consisting of:
- BeCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 4 and said temperature range is between -10 and -65.degree. C.,
- MgCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- MgBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- Mg(ClO.sub.4).sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- CaCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.), wherein X is between 2 and 4 and said temperature range is between 0 and -30.degree. C.,
- CaCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 4 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -20.degree. C.,
- CaBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- Ca(ClO.sub.4).sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45.degree. C.,
- SrCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 1 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30.degree. C.,
- SrBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 8 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- Sr(ClO.sub.4).sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- BaBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 4 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30.degree. C.,
- BaCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 8 and said temperature range is between 10 and -25.degree. C.,
- MnCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- MnBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -50.degree. C.,
- FeCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45.degree. C.,
- FeBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -50.degree. C.,
- CoCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- CoBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- NiCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- NiBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- Ni(ClO.sub.3).sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- CrCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 3 and between 3 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- CdBr.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- TaCl.sub.5 .multidot.X(NH3), wherein X is between 0 and 7 and said temperature range is between 10 and -30.degree. C.,
- ReCl.sub.3 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 5 and -40.degree. C.,
- ReBr.sub.3 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 7 and said temperature range is between 5 and -40.degree. C.,
- SnCl.sub.2 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 2.5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- NH.sub.4 AlCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- NaAlCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- KAlCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -65.degree. C.,
- (NH.sub.4).sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3) , wherein X is between 0 and 4 and said temperature range is between 0 and -60.degree. C.,
- (NH.sub.4).sub.3 ZnCl.sub.5 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 6 and said temperature range is between 0 and -45.degree. C.,
- K.sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -40.degree. C.,
- K.sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 5 and 12 and said temperature range is between 0 and -35.degree. C.,
- CsCuCl.sub.3 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -55.degree. C.,
- K.sub.2 FeCl.sub.5 .multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 2 and 5 and said temperature range is between 0 and -55.degree. C.,
- NH.sub.4 Cl.multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 3 and said temperature range is between 15 and -20.degree. C., and
- NaBr.multidot.X(NH.sub.3), wherein X is between 0 and 5.25 and said temperature range is between 15 and -15.degree. C.
A method for storage and recovery of thermal energy or refrigeration at temperatures between about -65.degree. C. and about 15.degree. C. comprising alternately heating and cooling a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia to alternately desorb and adsorb, respectively, at least a portion of said ammonia, and wherein said metal salt is selected from the group consisting of
- (a) an alkaline earth metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt,
- (b) a metal chloride, bromide or chlorate salt in which the metal is chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, tantalum or rhenium,
- (c) a double chloride salt selected from N H.sub.4 A l C l .sub.4, NaAlCl.sub.4, KAlCl.sub.4, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 ZNCl.sub.4, (NH.sub.4).sub.3 ZnCl.sub.5, K.sub.2 ZnCl.sub.4, CsCuCl.sub.3, and K.sub.2 FeCl.sub.5, and
- (d) sodium bromide or ammonium chloride.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.