Water-in-oil emulsions

A hydraulic fluid comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one borate, phosphate and/or molybdate dissolved in said aqueous phase.

A hydraulic fluid comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride, the polyisobutylene substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) diethylethanolamine;
• (D) a functional amount of at least one borate, phosphate and/or molybdate dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An acidizing fluid comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one non-oxidizing acid dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An acidizing fluid comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) polyisobutylene-substituted succinic anhydride, the polyisobutylene substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) diethylethanolamine;
• (D) a functional amount of at least one non-oxidizing acid dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt made by reacting component (C) (I) with component (C) (II) under salt-forming conditions, component (C) (I) being at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and component (C) (II) being ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least open oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase;
• with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.

A water-in-oil emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt made by reacting component (C) (I) with component (C) (II) under salt-forming conditions, component (C) (I) being at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and component (C) (II) being ammonia and/or at least one amine;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase;
• said functional additive being one or more oxygen-supplying salt, one or more non-oxidizing acids, or one or more borates, phosphates and/or molybdates;
• with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emuslifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C) (I) at least one ester or amide derived from at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and component (C) (II) being ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C) (I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C) (II) ammonia;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C) (I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C) (II) at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emuslifying amount of at least one salt made by reacting component (C) (I) with component (C) (II) under salt-forming conditions, component (C) (I) being at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and component (C) (II) being ammonia, at least one amine other than an alkanol amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase.

An explosive emulsion comprising:

• (A) a continuous oil phase;
• (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt made by reacting component (C) (I) with component (C) (II) under salt-forming conditions, component (C) (I) being at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C) (I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and component (C) (II) being ammonia, at least one amine other than diethylethanol amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;
• and
• (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase.