Silane microemulsions

A clear stable oil-in-water microemulsion comprising

• (a) a silane containing less than about four weight percent residual methanol represented by the formulae;
• X.sub.4-n Si(RNH.sub.a R'.sub.b Y.sub.c).sub.n (i)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• Y denotes an acid anion;
• n is 1, 2 or 3;
• R denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• R' denotes alkyl radicals with 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
• saturated hydrocarbon radicals containing nitrogen, or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals containing nitrogen;
• a is 0, 1 or 2;
• b is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• c is 0 or 1;
• the sum of a+b is 2 or 3 and when the sum of a+b is 3, c is 1, otherwise c is 0;
• X.sub.4-n Si(RPR".sub.3 Y).sub.n (ii)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R" denotes an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, and n is 1, 2, or 3;
• or
• X.sub.3 SiR"' (iii)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R"' denotes an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical;
• and
• (b) cosurfactant compound which has an HLB factor of at least 1, and which when combined with said silane forms a clear mixture at room temperature when mixed with water;
• (c) sufficient water to form a clear oil-in-water microemulsion with a mixture of (a) and (b), and a water immiscible oil;
• and
• (d) sufficient water immiscible oil to form a clear stable oil-in-water microemulsion when combined with (a), (b) and (c).

A clear stable water-in-oil microemulsion comprising

• (a) a silane containing less than about four weight percent residual methanol represented by the formulae:
• X.sub.4-n Si(RNH.sub.a R'.sub.b Y.sub.c).sub.n (i)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• Y denotes an acid anion;
• n is 1, 2 or 3;
• R denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• R' denotes alkyl radicals with 1 to 22 carbon atoms;
• saturated hydrocarbon radicals containing nitrogen, or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals containing nitrogen;
• a is 0, 1 or 2;
• b is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• c is 0 or 1;
• the sum of a+b is 2 or 3 and when the sum of a+b is 3, c is 1, otherwise c is 0;
• X.sub.4-n Si(RPR".sub.3 Y).sub.n (ii)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R" denotes an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, and n is 1, 2, or 3;
• or
• X.sub.3 SiR"' (iii)
• where X denotes an alkoxy radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkoxy radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R"' denotes an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical;
• (b) cosurfactant compound which has an HLB factor of at least 1, and which when combined with said silane forms a clear mixture at room temperature when mixed with water;
• (c) sufficient water to form a clear water-in-oil microemulsion with a mixture of (a) and (b), and a water immiscible oil;
• and
• (d) sufficient water immiscible oil to form a clear stable water-in-oil microemulsion when combined with (a), (b) and (c).