# US 4,798,771 A · Bearings and other support members made of intercalated graphite > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,798,771 A - Document ID: US4798771A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/770,293 - Filed: 1985-08-27 - Granted: 1989-01-17 - Earliest claimed: 1985-08-27 - Assignees: Intercal Company - Inventors: Ferdinand L. Vogel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4798771A ## CPC - C04B 35/536: based on expanded graphite {or complexed graphite} - F16C 33/16: Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite - F16J 15/3496: {use of special materials} - Y10S 384/912: Metallic - Y10T 428/12063: Nonparticulate metal component - Y10T 428/12139: Nonmetal particles in particulate component - C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE - F16C: SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS - F16J: PISTONS {(specially adapted for dampers F16F9/32)}; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A bearing or other support member containing intercalated graphite exhibits many of the properties of a metal (ie: conductivity, luster, ductility) while enhancing the lubricating properties of pure graphite. The bearings are made by pressing an intercalated graphite powder either alone or mixed with metal powders, organic polymers or ceramic powders into the desired shape. This results in a bearing that has low friction properties, improved load bearing characteristics, higher operating temperatures and a reduced cost of manufacture. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A bearing member consisting essentially of a shaped, compacted, load bearing, low friction body formed from an intercalated graphite which is stable in air and at an elevated temperature, and is produced by an intercalation reaction of graphite and an intercalating species, said intercalating species producing the stability in air and at elevated temperature of the intercalated graphite, said reaction causing the presence of oxidized carbon in the graphite and the presence of negatively charged molecules within the intercalating species. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the intercalated graphite is intercalated with an intercalation species selected from the group consisting of a metal halide and a metal wherein the metal halide is selected from the group consisting of a halide of a transition element, a halide of a Group III A, IV A, V A and VI A metal or metalloid, and the metal is selected from the group consisting of a transition element, a Group III A, IV A, V A, and VI A metal or metalloid. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A bearing member in accordance with claim 2 wherein the intercalation species is the metal halide. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A bearing member in accordance with claim 3 wherein the metal halide, prior to forming said member, is reduced in situ to a metal in the presence of a reducing agent thus forming a metal intercalated graphite. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a metal reinforcement incorporated into the member. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A bearing member in accordance with claim 5 wherein the metal reinforcement is interposed between layers of the intercalated graphite. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) A bearing member in accordance with claim 5 wherein the metal reinforcement is disposed on an edge of said support member. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a metal powder admixed with the intercalated graphite. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) A bearing member in accordance with claim 8 wherein the metal powder is selected from the group comprised of copper, iron, nickel, and cobalt. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) A bearing member in accordance with claim 8 wherein the metal powder comprises from about 2 percent to about 90 percent by weight of said support member. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a thermoplastic polymer admixed with the intercalated graphite. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A bearing member in accordance with claim 11 wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises from about 5 percent to about 85 percent by weight of the support member. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a thermosetting polymer admixed with said intercalated graphite. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A bearing member in accordance with claim 13 wherein the thermosetting polymer comprises from about 5 percent to about 85 percent by weight of the support member. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A bearing member in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a ceramic powder admixed with said intercalated graphite. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) A bearing member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the ceramic powder comprises from about 5 percent to about 85 percent by weight of the support member and wherein the ceramic powder is selected from the group comprised of silicon nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, partially stabilized zirconia, titanium oxides and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 17 A bearing member consisting essentially of a shaped, compacted, load bearing, low friction body which is stable in air and at elevated temperature and is produced by an intercalation reaction of graphite and copper chloride, nickel chloride or chromium chloride.