Optical article exhibiting a high level of second order polarization susceptibility

#The invention relates to optical articles, particularly articles which exhibit effects attributable to the polarization of electromagnetic radiation. The invention relates specifically to optical articles which exhibit effects attributable to the nonlinear polarization of electromagnetic radiation.

#The significant polarization components of a medium produced by contact with an electric field are first order polarization (linear polarization), second order polarization (first nonlinear polarization), and third order polarization (second nonlinear polarization). On a molecular level this can be expressed in Equation 1:

#P=.alpha.E+.beta.E.sup.2 +.gamma.E.sup.3 . . . (1)

#FIG. 1 is a second harmonic generating optical article.

#FIG. 2 is a DC signal providing optical article.

#FIG. 3 is an electromagnetic beam displacement optical article.

#The following are illustrative of optical articles satisfying the invention exhibiting effects attributable to second order polarization:

#Referring to FIG. 1, the optical article 100 is capable of generating a second harmonic of electromagnetic radiation 101 supplied to it. Incoming electromagnetic radiation is introduced through input means 103, shown as a first prism, into an optically active transmission medium 105 which exhibits a high level (>10.sup.-9 esu) second order or first nonlinear polarization susceptibility, hereinafter referred to simply as the optically active transmission medium according to the invention or, more succinctly, as the optically active transmission medium. Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the medium 105 to output means 107, shown as a second prism. In the simplest form of the optical article neither the input nor output prisms are required. Escape of electromagnetic radiation from the transmission medium can be minimized by locating optional guiding elements 109 and 111 above and below the transmission medium. The guiding elements can minimize radiation loss by being chosen to exhibit a lower refractive index than the transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, the guiding elements can be chosen to be reflective to the electromagnetic radiation.

#When the transmission medium is constructed according to the requirements of the invention, specifically described below, at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation entering the transmission medium will be alterred in frequency during its travel through the medium. More specifically, a second harmonic of the frequency will be generated. The electromagnetic radiation leaving the output means, indicated by arrow 113, exhibits both the original frequency of the input radiation and a second harmonic of this frequency. The electromagnetic radiation retaining the original frequency can, if desired, be removed by passing the electromagnetic radiation leaving the article through a filter 115 capable of absorbing radiation of the original frequency while transmitting higher frequency (shorter wavelength) portions of the electromagnetic radiation. By employing one or a combination of filters any broad or narrow frequency band of electromagnetic radiation can be retained in the transmitted output electromagnetic radiation 117.