Rail pads and rail assemblies including such pads

In a rail pad assembly comprising a rail, a concrete foundation member comprising a concrete rail sleeper, a clip for securing the rail to the foundation member and a pad interposed between the rail and the concrete foundation member and in contact with both, wherein the improvement comprises an elastomeric rail pad which reduces high frequency bending strain in the concrete rail sleeper, and having a generally rectangular plan configuration, the pad having an upper face adapted to underlie the lower face of the rail, and a lower face adapted to overlie the concrete sleeper, wherein each of the upper and lower faces of the pad is provided with a multiplicity of distinct and separate, stud-like projections, when viewed from adjacent side edges of the rectangular pad, raised above the base level of the respective face and adapted to engage the rail and the foundation member respectively, the stud-like projections opposing each other on opposite faces of the pad;

• the studs being arranged so that between 40% and 60% of that part of each face which is arranged to lie directly between the rail and the foundation member comprises the stud-like projections;
• the pad being at least 6 mm in overall thickness, and the stud-like projections being raised above the base level of the faces of the pad by at least 2.00 mm;
• and the pad being formed of a material having high resilience of between 30% and 90 % rebound value, high abrasion resistance, and a hardness of a value between 45 and 95 shore A hardness, whereby the studs can individually compress and deflect thereby minimizing high frequency sleeper bending strains.