180.degree. hybrid tee

A microwave phase shifter apparatus for providing frequency independent isolated 180 degree phase shifted output signals from a single electrical input signal having a predetermined wavelength, comprising:

• a transmission line ring structure of a circular configuration;
• an input port coupled to said transmission line ring and also coupled through a first load impedance to ground;
• a first output port coupled to said transmission line ring structure and also coupled to a second load impedance and to ground, said first output port located on said ring structure no further than one-quarter wavelength distant from said input port;
• a second output port coupled to said transmission line ring structure and also coupled through a third load impedance to ground, said second output port located on said ring structure directly opposite said first output port;
• an intermediate port coupled to said transmission line ring structure and also to a fourth load impedance to ground, said intermediate port physically located on said ring structure directly opposite said input port and at a point one-quarter wavelength distance from said first output port and said second output port;
• a first pi type network means coupled to said transmission line ring structure at a point on said ring structure between said input port and said first output port to provide a first predetermined amount of phase shift of the input signal entering said input port;
• a second pi type network means coupled to said transmission line ring structure at a point on said ring structure between said first output port and said intermediate port to provide signal isolation for said predetermined amount of said phase shifted input signal at said first output port;
• a third pi type network means coupled to said transmission line ring structure at a point on said ring structure between said intermediate port and second output port to provide signal isolation for said predetermined amount of said phase shifted input signal at said second output port;
• a coupled line segment coupled to said transmission line ring structure and to ground, said coupled line ring segment located at a point on said ring structure between said input port and said second output port and further coupled to said input port and said second output port to provide a second predetermined amount of phase shift of said input signal entering said input port, said first predetermined amount of phase shift of said input signal entering said input port and said second predetermined amount of phase shift being of equal amounts of phase shift;
• and,
• a shorted stub impedance network means coupled to said transmission line ring structure and to ground at said first output port and at said intermediate port, said shorted stub impedance network shared during operation between said first, second and third pi type networks.

A phase shifting device capable of producing distinct, isolated, 180.degree. phase shifted electrical output signals from a single electrical input signal of predetermined frequency, comprising:

• a ground plane electrode means comprising electrically conductive material and operable to provide a common ground for said phase shifting device;
• an insulating substrate layer means overlaying said ground plane electrode means and operable to support said phase shifting device;
• a phase shifting electrically conductive structure operable to produce a first and a second 90.degree. phase shifted electrical output signal from a single electrical input signal of predetermined frequency, said phase shifting structure comprising:
• a conductive ring structure of circular configuration,
• an input wire bond means coupled to said conductive ring structure and operable to receive said input signal of predetermined wavelength,
• a first output wire bond means coupled to said conductive ring structure at a location no more than one-quarter wavelength distant from said input wire bond means and operable to transmit said first 90.degree. phase shifted output signal;
• an intermediate wire bond means coupled to said conductive ring structure at a location no more than one-quarter wavelength distant from said first output wire bond means and operable to provide signal isolation for said first 90.degree. phase shifted output signal,
• a second output wire bond means coupled to said conductor ring structure at a location no more than one-quarter wavelength distant from said intermediate wire bond means and said input wire bond means,
• a first arcuate electrically conductive segment means extending between said input wire bond means and said first output wire bond means and operable to provide a 90.degree. phase shift of said electrical input signal in one direction,
• a second arcuate electrically conductive segment means extending between said first output wire bond means and said intermediate wire bond means and operable to provide isolation for said first 90.degree. phase shifted output signal in one direction,
• a third arcuate electrically conductive segment means extending between said intermediate wire bond means and said second output wire bond means and operable to provide signal isolation for said 90.degree. phase shifted output signal in the opposite direction,
• a first linear electrically conductive coupled line segment extended from said second output wire bond means towards said input wire bond means and connecting to said common ground,
• a second linear electrically conductive coupled line segment extended from said input wire bond means towards said second output wire bond means and connected to said common ground means, said first and said second linear electrically conductive coupled line segments being operable to provide a 90.degree. phase shift for said input signal of predetermined frequency,
• a third linear electrically conductive segment extended from said intermediate wire bond means and connected to said common ground means,
• a fourth linear electrically conductive segment means extended from said first output wire bond means to said common ground means, said third and said fourth linear electrically conductive segment means being coupled and operable to provide common grounded coupled conductive segments for said first, second and third arcuate segments;
• a first bonding pad means coupled to said input wire bond means and operable to receive said input signal;
• a second bonding pad means coupled to said first output wire bond means and operable to receive said first 90.degree. phase shifted output signal in one direction;
• a third bonding pad means coupled to said intermediate wire bond means and operable to provide signal isolation between said first and said second 90.degree. phase shifted output signal;
• a fourth bonding pad means coupled to said second output wire bond means and operable to receive said second 90.degree. phase shifted output signal;
• a first linear transmission line segment means interconnected to said first bonding pad means and operable to transmit said input signals;
• a second linear transmission line segment means interconnected to said second bonding pad means and operable to transmit said first 90.degree. phase shifted output signal;
• a third linear transmission line segment means interconnected to said third bonding pad means and operable to transmit said isolated first and said second output signals;
• and,
• a fourth linear transmission line segment means interconnected to said fourth bonding pad means and operable to transmit said 90.degree. phase shifted output signal all of this further producing a 180.degree. phase shifted set of output signals.

A signal phase shifting apparatus for operation in the microwave range which provides two independent isolated predetermined phase shifted output signals from a single electrical input signal of predetermined frequency selected from any of a wide range of microwave frequencies, said apparatus comprising:

• a generally circular transmission line ring structure;
• an input port means coupled to said transmission line ring structure and connected through an electrical impedance to ground, said input port means operable to receive said input signal;
• a first pi type network means connected to said input port means and comprising a first quadrant of said transmission line structure and operable to provide a predetermined phase shift in a first direction of a first portion of said input signal as received at said input port means;
• a first output port means coupled onto said transmission line ring structure at the terminus of said first pi type network means and connected through an electrical impedance to ground, said first output port means operable to function as an output port for said predetermined phase shifted first portion of said input signal;
• a second pi type network means comprising a second quadrant of said transmission line ring structure;
• an intermediate port means coupled onto said transmission line ring structure at the terminus of said second pi type network and connected through an electrical impedance to ground;
• a second output port means coupled onto said transmission line ring structure and connected through an electrical impedance to ground;
• broadside-coupled line segments connected to ground at opposite ends thereof and comprising a fourth quadrant of said transmission lien ring structure, said broadside-coupled line segments connected between said input port means and said second output port means and operable to provide a predetermined phase shift of a second portion of said input signal as received at said input port means in a second direction which is 180.degree. out-of-phase with said phase-shifted first input signal as developed at said first output port means, and said second output port means comprising an output port for said phase-shifted second portion of said input signal;
• a third pi type network means comprising a third quadrant of said transmission line ring structure and connected between said second output port means and said intermediate port means, and said second pi type network means and said intermediate port means and said third pi type network means combining to provide isolation between said first output port means and said second output port means;
• and
• a pair of additional stub conductor members, one of said additional conductor members connected at one end to said first output port means and at the other end to ground, the other of said additional conductor members connected at one end to said intermediate port means and at the other end to ground, and said additional stub conductors operating to substantially increase the range of microwave frequencies which can be effectively phase shifted.