A transmission apparatus for converting torque to angular velocity and angular velocity to torque without the use of gears and springs, comprising:
- input means including an input shaft rotatable in a selected one of first and second directions;
- casing means detachably connected to said input shaft;
- output means including an output shaft;
- a plurality of mass means dynamically balanced about at least one of said input shaft and said output shaft and movable in unison and cyclically from maximum radii of gyration to minimum radii of gyration and back to maximum radii of gyration relative to at least one of said input shaft and said output shaft, each of said mass means being substantially of the same size and shape and wherein the centers of mass of each of said mass means lies in substantially the same plane;
- crank link means interconnected between said input means and said output means, said crank link means connected to each of said mass means to cause each of said mass means to continuously move towards and away from said output shaft to cause a cyclic changing of the moment of inertia of each of said mass means, each of said mass means being immovably attached to said crank link means to prevent relative linear movement therebetween and wherein said crank link means is continuously subject to torque in said first direction when said input shaft is rotating in said first direction and when said input shaft rotation is greater than rotation of said output shaft, said crank link means including:
- an eccentric member axially aligned with and coupled to said output shaft,
- a plurality of eccentric journal bearings joined to said eccentric member, and
- means for pivotally connecting each of said mass means to said casing means;
- first one-way clutch means rotatable in a single direction and disposed between said input shaft and said casing means for preventing reversal of power flow from said casing means to said input shaft while permitting power flow from said input shaft to said casing means during rotation of said input shaft in said first direction, said first one-way clutch means also disengaging said casing means from said input shaft during rotation of said input shaft in said second direction whereby reversal of rotation of said input shaft in said second direction causes said rotation to be directly coupled to said output shaft;
- second one-way clutch means rotatable in a single direction and disposed between said input shaft and said output shaft for preventing coupling between said input shaft and said output shaft during rotation of said input shaft in said first direction while providing coupling between said input shaft and said output shaft during rotation of said input shaft in said second direction, said second one-way clutch means also providing a means for braking whereby, when reverse power flow exists within the transmission apparatus in which said output shaft is rotating at a greater velocity than said input shaft, said second one-way clutch means permits reverse power flow from said output shaft to said input means;
- and
- third one-way clutch means rotatable in a single direction disposed between said crank link means and said output shaft for preventing reversal of power flow from said output shaft to said crank link means during rotation of said input shaft in said first direction and when said rotation of said input shaft is less than or substantially equal to rotation of said output shaft while said third one-way clutch means permits coupling between said crank link means and said output shaft during rotation of said input shaft in said first direction, said third one-way clutch means also preventing coupling between said crank link means and said output shaft when said input shaft is rotating in said second direction.